False Reporting and Its Impact on Public Employees
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.35246/b2mwtq24Keywords:
False Reporting, Public Employee, Malicious InformantAbstract
False reporting can have legal, professional, and moral repercussions for public employees, as it may expose them to administrative or criminal investigations, with the accompanying effects on their professional reputation and social standing. It may also disrupt the work of oversight and judicial bodies by occupying them with reports that are not based on true facts, which may hinder their efforts to combat real crimes, especially administrative and financial corruption. Conversely, restricting the right to report may lead to individuals refraining from reporting administrative and criminal crimes and violations, which may negatively affect efforts to combat corruption and promote integrity within state institutions. The legislator seeks to achieve a delicate balance between protecting public employees from malicious reports and encouraging individuals to report crimes and violations by criminalizing false reporting and imposing liability on those who deliberately submit false reports with the intent to harm others, while maintaining legal protection for whistleblowers who act in good faith and aim to uncover crimes or violations.
Downloads
References
First - Legal Books
I. . 1Ahmed Fathi Sorour, The Mediator in Penal Law, Special Section, Dar Al-Nahda Al-Arabiya, Egypt, 2019.
II. .2 Taklif Awad Obeid Al-Saadi, Criminal Policy in the Law of Protection of Witnesses, Experts, Informants, and Victims, Comparative Law Library, Baghdad, 2021.
III. .3 Jumaa Qader Saleh, Administrative Corruption and its Impact on Public Service - A Comparative Study between Sharia and Law, Al-Halabi Legal Publications, Lebanon, 2016.
IV. .4 Jumaa Al-Rubaie, A Guide to Criminal Proceedings and their Practical Applications, 3rd ed., Legal Library, Baghdad, 2007.
V. .5 Hamid Dannoun, Principles of Constitutional Law and the Development of the Political System in Iraq, 1st ed., Al-Sanhouri Library, Iraq, 2012.
VI. .6 Adnan Ajil Obeid, Guarantees for Employees Prior to Imposing Disciplinary Penalties, Arab Center for Publishing, Egypt, 2018.
VII. .7 Ali Muhammad Badir, Principles and Provisions of Administrative Law, 4th ed., Al-Atik for Book Production, Baghdad. 2015.
VIII. . 8Lafta Hamel Al-Ajeeli, Administrative Investigation in the Public Sector, Dar Al-Sanhouri, Beirut, 2021.
IX. .9 Muhammad Al-Ramlawi, Rulings on Financial and Administrative Corruption in Criminal and Islamic Jurisprudence, Dar Al-Fikr Al-Jami’i, Alexandria, 2012.
X. .10 Muhammad Abdul Jaza’, The Crime of False Reporting in Iraqi Law and Comparative Law, Al-Sabah Press, Baghdad, 2011.
Second – Journals
XI. .1 Hanan Mohammed Al-Qaisi, The Legal Nature of Decisions of Independent Bodies in Iraq, Journal of Legal Studies, Department of Legal Studies at Bayt Al-Hikma, Baghdad, Issue 37, 2014.
XII. .2 Raad Zaidan Khalaf, The Legal Regulation of Whistleblowers on Corruption Crimes, Research submitted to the College of Law, University of Baghdad, 2022.
XIII. .3 Salah Hammoud Faraj, The Crime of False Reporting in Iraqi Law, Journal of Babylon University for Human Sciences, Volume 26, Issue 7, Iraq, 2018.
XIV. .4 Ali Hussein Mohammed Al-Janabi, The Criminal and Civil Effects of Malicious Complaints in the Penal Policy of Iraqi Law and Islamic Jurisprudence, Journal of the Iraqi University, Volume 72, Issue 3, Iraq, 2024.
XV. .5 Ghassan Alwan Khudair Al-Zirjawi, The Concept of Disciplinary Sanctions in Lebanese and Iraqi Law, Maysan Journal of Comparative Legal Studies, Issue 10, Iraq, 2024.
XVI. .6 Mohammed Turki Ahmed, The Crime of False Reporting, Research submitted to the College of Law, University of Diyala. Iraq, 2017.
Thirdly – Theses
XVII. .1 Hala Mahmoud Hamid, The Crime of False Reporting via Modern Communication Methods, Master's Thesis, College of Law, Al-Nahrain University, Baghdad, 2015.
XVIII. .2 Ali Abdul Imran Hussein, Guarantees for Employees in Corruption Investigations, Master's Thesis submitted to the College of Law, University of Karbala, Iraq, 2015.
Fourth – Laws
XIX. Iraqi Civil Service Law No. (24) of 1960, as amended.
XX. Iraqi Penal Code No. 111 of 1969.
XXI. Iraqi Criminal Procedure Code No. 23 of 1971.
XXII. State and Public Sector Employees Discipline Law No. 14 of 1991.
XXIII. Integrity and Illicit Enrichment Commission Law No. (30) of 2011, as amended.
XXIV. Law for the Protection of Witnesses, Experts, Informants, and Victims No. (58) of 2017.
Fifth - Judicial Decisions
XXV. Federal Court of Cassation Decision No. 144/225, date of issuance of the decision 21-1-2025, available at the following link: https://www.sjc.iq/qview.3219/ , accessed 1-3-2026.
Sixth - Electronic References
XXVI. Maher Al-Tai, Informants and the Image of False Reports in Crimes, published on 9-10-2024 at the following link: https://jalsatqanunia.com/almukhbirina-alakhibarat-alkadhibati/.
Downloads
Published
Issue
Section
License

This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
Copyright and Licensing:
For all articles published in Journal of Legal Sciences, copyright is retained by the authors. Articles are licensed under an open access Creative Commons CC BY 4.0 license, meaning that anyone may download and read the paper for free. In addition, the article may be reused and quoted provided that the original published version is cited. These conditions allow for maximum use and exposure of the work.
Reproducing Published Material from other Publishers: It is absolutely essential that authors obtain permission to reproduce any published material (figures, schemes, tables or any extract of a text) which does not fall into the public domain, or for which they do not hold the copyright. Permission should be requested by the authors from the copyrightholder (usually the Publisher, please refer to the imprint of the individual publications to identify the copyrightholder).
Permission is required for: Your own works published by other Publishers and for which you did not retain copyright.
Substantial extracts from anyones' works or a series of works.
Use of Tables, Graphs, Charts, Schemes and Artworks if they are unaltered or slightly modified.
Photographs for which you do not hold copyright.
Permission is not required for: Reconstruction of your own table with data already published elsewhere. Please notice that in this case you must cite the source of the data in the form of either "Data from..." or "Adapted from...".
Reasonably short quotes are considered fair use and therefore do not require permission.
Graphs, Charts, Schemes and Artworks that are completely redrawn by the authors and significantly changed beyond recognition do not require permission.
Obtaining Permission
In order to avoid unnecessary delays in the publication process, you should start obtaining permissions as early as possible. If in any doubt about the copyright, apply for permission. Journal of Legal Sciences cannot publish material from other publications without permission.
The copyright holder may give you instructions on the form of acknowledgement to be followed; otherwise follow the style: "Reproduced with permission from [author], [book/journal title]; published by [publisher], [year].' at the end of the caption of the Table, Figure or Scheme.






