The Legislative Framework of Public Utility Concessions Award
A Comparative Study
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.35246/jols.v37i2.565Keywords:
Legislative Framework, Concession, Delegation Public Service, Exploitation Natural SourcesAbstract
Public constructions contracts and concession, have been a link between the public and private sector for decades and we may find serious international efforts to consider it as an effective economic and legal means of providing public services(legislative framework), in the same time prevents states from drowning in loans, regrettably that Iraqi and Arab jurisprudence is still influenced by old version of oil concession agreements, in its research writings about the partnership between public sector and private sector. We have studied in detail the legal mechanism of concession award especially in France, We also studied the position of Egyptian legislation and focused on constitutional law, which outlines the established machinery and thus the position of Iraq's weak legislator.
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References
First: Arabic books
i. Dr. Suleiman Muhammad Al-Tamawy, 1991, General Foundations in Administrative Contracts (A Comparative Study), Fifth Edition, Ain Shams University, Cairo.
ii. Kamel Al-Samarrai, 1968, relevant petroleum laws, Publications of the Almaktaba Al-Ahlya, Baghdad.
iii. Dr. Muhammad Ali Maher Muhammad Ali, 2015, affremage of public utility - a comparative study -, first edition, Dar al-Fikr wa al-Qanun for publication and distribution, Cairo.
iv. Dr. Muhannad Mukhtar Noah, 2005, Offer and Acceptance in the Administrative Contract (A Comparative Study), first edition, Manshurat Alhalabi Al-huquqia, Beirut.
v. Dr. Yahya Muhammad Ali Al-Tayyari, 2018, Legislative inspection Over Administrative Contracts and International Agreements with Financial Nature, First Edition, Cairo, National Center for Legal Publications.
Second: Theses and Researches:
i. Barkabia Hossam El-Din, 2019, Delegation of the Public Service in France and Algeria, a thesis submitted for a PhD in Public Law to the college of Law at Abi Bakr Belkaid University.
ii. Ben Saud Ahmed, 2017, Provisions of Regulatory Authority in Comparative Constitutional Systems, PhD thesis submitted to the college of Law and Political Science, Abi Bakr Belkaid University, Tlemcen.
iii. Sarbest Qadir Hussein, 2009, Anti-competitive practices in the telecommunications sector (a comparative study), a master's thesis in private law submitted to the College of Law and Politics / Salahaddin University, Erbil.
iv. Ali Hassan Abdel-Amir, 2008, The legal system of the public utility concession contract and its applications in Iraq (a comparative study), a master’s thesis submitted in public law to the College of Law / Al-Mustansiriya University.
v. Kawan Ismail Ibrahim, 2009, Oil Exploration and Production Contracts, PhD thesis submitted to the Council of the College of Law and Politics in Private Law / Salahuddin University.
vi. Abd al-Siddiq Sheikh, 2020, Forms of public utility delegation under Executive Decree No. 18-199 that includes the regulation of public deals and public utility delegations, research published in the Academic Journal of Social and Human Studies, Volume 12, Issue (2).
vii. Dr. Ali Issa Al-Yaqoubi, 2012, The Constitutional Amendment of July 23, 2008 and its Impact on the Development of Oversight of the Constitutional Laws in France, research published in the Journal of Legal Sciences, University of Baghdad, College of Law, Volume 27, Issue 2.
viii. Hafizi Souad, 2022, Procedures and foundations for concluding public utility delegation agreements, a study in the light of Presidential Decree 15-247 related to organizing deals and authorizing public utility and Executive Decree 18-199 related to public utility delegation, Ijtihad Journal for Legal and Economic Studies, Volume 11, Issue 2.
Third: French Resources:
i. Arthur Lilas Trimua, 2018, La concession : éléments de renouveau d'une catégorie contractuelle, Thèse de doctorat en droit public, Faculté de droit et sciences sociales, Université de Poitiers, soutenue.
ii. Jean-Patrick ( fait au nom de la commission des lois), 1996, Proposition de loi relative au contrat de concession du Stade de France à Saint-Deni Rapport n° 62 (1996-1997),d éposé le 5 novembre, disponible sur le site du : https://www.senat.fr/ .
iii. Lauren Richer, Constitution, contrats et commande publique, disponible sur le site du, https://www.conseil-constitutionnel.fr.
iv. Sénat français, Un Projet De Loi Qui Constitue La Quatrieme Mue De L'organisation Ferroviare En France, disponible sur le site : https://www.senat.fr/ .
v. Ministère de l'Économie, 2019, des Finances , Contrats de la commande publique et autres contrats, disponible sur le site du : https://www.economie.gouv.fr/daj .
vi. Sénat français, 2006, Le régime juridique des validations législatives, disponible sur le site du http://www.senat.fr/ej/ej_validation/.
vii. le Conseil constitutionnel français, 2014, Le contrôle des validations législatives, disponible sur le site du: https://www.conseil-constitutionnel.fr/la-qp , Mars.
viii. European commission, 2014, New Rules On Public Contracts and Concessions (Simpler and more flexible), Luxembourg, available on the (http://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT).
Fourth: Conventions and Constitutions
ix. French human rights Declaration (1789).
x. The Iraqi Basic Law of 1925.
xi. Constitution of Iraq 2005
xii. Lebanese Constitution of 1926
xiii. Yemeni Constitution of 1991
xiv. Algerian Constitution 1996
xv. Iraqi Civil Law No. 40 of 1951
xvi. Law No. 61 of 1958 granting concessions related to the investment of natural wealth resources and public utilities and amending the terms of the Egyptian concession.
xvii. Law No. 3 of 1997 granting the obligation of public utilities to establish, manage and exploit airports and Egyptian landing lands.
xviii. The Egyptian Public Service Obligations Law No. 129 of 1947.
Fifth: Regulations and Instructions:
i. Instructions to bidders in the tender documents issued by the Iraqi Ministry of Planning in 2012. Contracting conditions for electrical, mechanical and chemical engineering works 1987. Iraqi Ministry of Planning
ii. Contracting Conditions for Civil Engineering Works 1987, Iraqi Ministry of Planning.
iii. Contracting Conditions for Civil Engineering Works, Kurdistan Region - Iraq (Issued 1.11.2000). Instructions for implementing Iraqi government contracts No. (2) for the year 2014 in force.
iv. Instructions for implementing government contracts in the Kurdistan Region - Iraq No. (2) of 2016 in force.
v. Ordinance No. (58-1067) of (November 7, 1958) related to the system of conducting the work of the Constitutional Council (amended)
Sixth: French Legislations:
vi. Loi du 11 juin 1842 relative à l'établissement des grandes lignes de chemins de fer.
vii. Loi du 30 juillet 1880 QUI Determine le Mode de Rachat Des C concessions De Ponts A Peage
viii. Loi du 16 octobre 1919 relative à l'utilisation de l'énergie hydraulique.
ix. Loi n° 93-122 du 29 janvier 1993 relative à la prévention de la corruption et à la transparence de (Sapin I).
x. Loi n° 93-1435 du 31 décembre 1993 relative à la réalisation d'un grand stade à Saint-Denis (Seine-Saint-Denis) en vue de la coupe du monde de football de 1998
xi. Loi n°96-1077 du 11 décembre 1996 relative au contrat de concession du Stade de France à Saint-Denis (Seine-Saint-Denis).
xii. code de l'environnement (2000).
xiii. Ordonnance n° 2016-65 du 29 janvier 2016 relative aux contrats de concession.
xiv. Directive 2014/23/EU on the award of concession contracts.
xv. Code de la commande publique (2018).
Seventh: Judicial Decisions
i. Decision no. 2010-100 QPC of 11 February 2011.
ii. Décision n° 2011-141 QPC du 24 juin 2011.
iii. The Administrative Court (Egypt) in its ruling issued on June 24. 1956.
iv. The decision of the Administrative Court in Erbil (Kurdistan Region - Iraq), No. (64 / K / 2019) on 12/23/2019, unpublished.
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