The Theory of Lapse of Contract in Civil Law Analytical Study
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.35246/zefyrk23Keywords:
No effect of the contract, Invalidity, essential element, Contractual group, Retroactive effectAbstract
One of the fundamental features of contract theory in general is its continuous development in accordance with the needs of society and individuals. A prominent recent manifestation of this development recently is the emergence of the theory of lapse of Contract within the amendments to the French Civil Code of 2016. The main objective of stipulating this theory was to address cases in which a contract loses an essential element of its components after it has been properly formed, or when one of the contracts that make up the contractual group is dissolved. Despite the stipulation of this theory in the French Civil Code, its modern nature has led to ambiguity surrounding many of its aspects, such as its concept, its name, and its distinction from other theories and legal situations. Moreover, the French legislator has not resolved the debate on some of its issues, which requires proposing appropriate solutions or weighing the solutions proposed. Therefore, in this study, we will try to explore this theory in light of what has been written by jurisprudence and approved by the French judiciary regarding it. We will define its concept, clarify the dividing lines between it and other legal theories, discuss the names that have been put forward regarding it, explain what is meant by the basic elements whose disappearance leads to the of lapse of Contract and its conditions, and the extent to which it is related to the issue of retroactive effect.
Downloads
References
Sources In Arabic
Books:
I. Abd El-Rahman, H. (1999). Al-Waseet In The General Theory of Obligations, Book I. (1st Ed.), Cairo: Dar Al-Nahda Al-Arabiya.
II. Al-Adawi, J. A. (1997). Principles of Obligations – Sources of Obligation. Alexandria: Monsha’at Al-Maaref.
III. Al-Dhanoun, H. A. (1970). Explanation of Civil Law – Principles of Obligation. Baghdad: Al-Maaref Press.
IV. Al-Hakim, A. (1963). Al-Moojaz In The Explanation of Civil Law - Sources of Obligation, Vol. 1. (2nd Ed.), Baghdad: National Printing And Publishing Company.
V. Al-Hakim, A., Al-Bakri, A., & Al-Bashir, M. T. Al-Wajeez In The Theory of Obligation In The Iraqi Civil Law - Sources of Obligation, Vol. 1. Baghdad: Al-Maktaba Al-Qanooniya.
VI. Al-Sairafi, Y. A. K. (2000). The Role of The Judge In The Formation of The Contract. Cairo: Dar Al-Nahda Al-Arabiya.
VII. Al-Sanhuri, A. A. (1966). Al-Wajeez In The Explanation of Civil Law - Theory of Obligation In General. Cairo: Dar Al-Nahda Al-Arabiya.
VIII. Al-Sanhuri, A. A. Al-Waseet In The Explanation of The New Civil Law - Theory of Obligation In General - Sources of Obligation, Vol. 1. Beirut: Dar Ihya Al-Turath Al-Arabi.
IX. Al-Sharif, M. S. (1955). Explanation of The Iraqi Civil Law, Vol. 1. Baghdad: Al-Ani Press.
X. Keera, H. (1969). Introduction To Law. Alexandria: Monsha’at Al-Maaref.
XI. Qasim, M. H. (2018). French Contract Law In Arabic. Beirut: Halabi Legal Publications.
XII. Saad, N. E. (2020). The General Theory of Obligation – Sources of Obligation With Recent Innovations In The 2016 Amendments of The French Civil Legislation. Alexandria: Dar Al-Jame’a Al-Jadeeda.
XIII. Sultan, N. B. (2017). The New French Contract Law – Arabic Translation of The official Text. Ministry of Higher Education And Scientific Research.
University Dissertations And Theses:
I. Al-Mahbashi, M. A. M. (2006). The Legal System For The Annulment of Contract Within The Framework of The Contractual Group – A Comparative Study In Egyptian And Yemeni Laws. (Doctoral Dissertation), Ain Shams University, Egypt.
II. Al-Otbi, S. N. (2001). The Role of Essential And Secondary Conditions In The Contractual Relationship – The Idea of Essentiality In The Contractual Relationship. (Doctoral Dissertation), Ain Shams University, Egypt.
III. Khalifa, H. K. A. (2001). Civil Liability Within The Scope of The Contractual Family. (Doctoral Dissertation), Ain Shams University, Egypt.
IV. Salim, H. M. (2007). The Legal System of Arbitration Within The Framework of The Contractual Group. (Doctoral Dissertation), Ain Shams University, Egypt.
Research And Articles:
I. Al-Ahwani, H. K. The Idea of Fall (Caducity/Sopoat) Between Constitutional Judiciary And Civil Judiciary - Fall of Legislation And Fall of Legal Act. Al-Dostouriya Journal. Https://Www.Sccourt.Gov.Eg/SCC/Magazine//Mkal/57/307.Html?Ts=1643756640462#_Ftn26
II. Al-Khatib, M. A. (2020). Lighting On The French Contract And Evidence Reform Law No. 131-2016 Dated 10/02/2016 Modifying The Contract Theory In The New Civil Law: Adoption And Effects. Kuwait International Law School Journal, 32(4), 321-364.
III. Al-Shukri, I. T., & Suhair, H. H. (2021). The Effect of Interdependence of Agreements On The Expiration of The Contractual Group – A Comparative Study. Al-Muhaqqiq Al-Hilli Journal For Legal And Political Sciences, (4), 539-588.
IV. Al-Zayyat, A. (2024). Ineffectiveness of The Effect of Legal Acts - La Caducité. Journal of Law For Legal And Economic Research, 2(1), 427-497.
V. Belkənani, F. B. (2020). Theory of Contract In The Modified French Civil Law And Qatari Civil Law - A Comparative Study. International Review of Law, 9(2), 11-61.
VI. Jaaz, M. N., & Al-Saadi, J. H. (2020). Ineffectiveness of The Contract Effect - A Study In French Law La Caducité. Cambridge Journal For Scientific Research, (5), 67-98.
VII. Jaber, A. (2017). The French Legislative Reform of Contract Theory: Judicial Creation And Legislative Drafting – Glimpses Into Some Innovations. Kuwait International Law School Journal, (2), 285-339.
VIII. Muhammad, Z. J. (2022). Ineffectiveness of The Contract Effect. Journal of Sustainable Studies, 4(3, Supplement 2), 2392-2415.
Legislations:
I. The French Civil Law of 1804.
II. The Iraqi Civil Law No. 40 of 1951.
III. Decree of Modifying The French Civil Law No. 131 of 2016.
Websites:
I. Https://Www.Legifrance.Gouv.Fr/Jorf/Id/JORFTEXT000032004539/
Sources In French:
Livres Et Thèses Universitaires:
I. Capitant, H. (1936). Vocabulaire Juridique. Paris: Les Presses Universitaires De France.
II. Guinchard, S. & Debard, T. (2014). Lexique Des Termes Juridiques. (21e Edition), Paris: Dalloz.
III. Susini, M., & Puyau, M. (2019). Location Financière: Quelle Évolution Pour Les Principes D'interdépendance Et De Caducité?. Paris: Dalloz, Publié Sur Le Site:Https://Rmt.Fr/Wp-Content/ACTU2019/AJ%20Contrat%20-%2008-09.2019.Pdf
IV. Vanessa, F. (2014). Les Clauses De Fin De Contrat. Doctorat En Droit, Lyon Université Jean Moulin (Lyon 3), France.
Articles:
I. Bamdé, A. (2017). La Caducité Du Contrat: Notion – Conditions – Effets. Article Publié Sur Le Site:Https://Aurelienbamde.Com/2017/07/29/La-Caducite-Du-Contrat-Notion-Conditions-Effets/
II. Bamdé, A. (2019). Les Restitutions Consécutives À L’anéantissement Du Contrat (Nullité, Résolution, Caducité): Régime Juridique. Article Publié Sur Le Site:Https://Aurelienbamde.Com/2019/11/10/Les-Restitutions-Consecutives-A-Laneantissement-Du-Contrat-Nullite-Resolution-Caducite-Regime-Juridique/
III. Bizeau, M. La Caducité Du Contrat: Definition - Conditions – Effets. Article Publié Sur Le Site:Https://Fiches-Droit.Com/Caducite-Contrat
IV. Duflo, V. (2024). Caducité: Definition – Conditions – Effets. Article Publié Sur Le Site:Https://Jurislogic.Fr/Caducite-Contrat-Definition-Conditions-Effets/
V. François, C. Présentation Des Articles 1186 À 1187 De La Nouvelle Sous-Section 2 «La Caducité». Article Publié Sur Le Site:Https://Iej.Univ-Paris1.Fr/Openaccess/Reforme-Contrats/Titre3/Stitre1/Chap2/Sect4/Ssect2-Caducite/
VI. Garron, F. (2000). La Caducité Du Contrat - Étude De Droit Privé. Revue Internationale De Droit Compare, 52(2), Pp.467-469. Voir: Le Site Web:Https://Www.Persee.Fr/Doc/Ridc_0035-3337_2000_Num_52_2_18113
VII. Krajeski, D. (2017). La Disparition Du Contrat (Nullité, Caducité, Résolution, Résiliation). Article Publié Sur Le Site:Https://Publications.Ut-Capitole.Fr/Id/Eprint/30940/1/30940_Krajeski.Pdf
VIII. La Caducité Des Contrats - Caducité Des Contrats Interdépendants. Article Publié Sur Le Site:Https://Jcl06.Fr/La-Caducite-Du-Contrat/
IX. Le Principe De Caducité En Droit: Definition - Applications Et Implications Juridiques. 2024. Article Publié Sur Le Site:Https://Www.Mondroitmeslibertes.Fr/Principe-Caducite-Droit-Definition-Applications-Implications-Juridiques/
X. Les Restitutions Consécutives À L'anéantissement Du Contrat Par Nullité, Résolution, Caducité. Article Publié Sur Le Site:Https://Jcl06.Fr/Les-Restitutions/
XI. Qu’est-Ce Que La Caducité Du Contrat ?. Article Publié Sur Le Site:Https://Novataux.Com/Caducite-Contrat/
Décisions Judiciaires:
I. Cour De Cassation, Chambre Commerciale, Du 8 Novembre 1972, 71-11.879, Publié Au Bulletin.
II. Cour De Cassation, Civile, Chambre Commerciale, 14 Octobre 2008, 07-16.947, Inédit.
III. Cour De Cassation, Civile, Chambre Civile 1, 12 Juillet 2012, 11-17.587, Publié Au Bulletin.
IV. Cour De Cassation, Civile, Chambre Commerciale, 12 Juillet 2017, 15-23.552, Publié Au Bulletin.
V. Cour De Cassation, Civile, Chambre Commerciale, 12 Juillet 2017, 15-27.703, Publié Au Bulletin.
VI. Cour De Cassation, Civile, Chambre Commerciale, 6 Décembre 2017, 16-22.809, Inédit.
VII. Cour De Cassation, Civile, Chambre Commerciale, 10 Janvier 2024, 22-20.466, Publié Au Bulletin.
VIII. Cour De Cassation, Civile, Chambre Civile 3, 9 Janvier 2025, 23-16.698 23-16.764, Inédit.
IX. Cour De Cassation, Civile, Chambre Commerciale, 5 Février 2025, 23-16.749, Publié Au Bulletin.
X. Cour D’appel De Versailles, Chambre Commerciale 3-1, Du 12 Mars 2025 (N° 23/01083).
Downloads
Published
Issue
Section
License
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
Copyright and Licensing:
For all articles published in Journal of Legal Sciences, copyright is retained by the authors. Articles are licensed under an open access Creative Commons CC BY 4.0 license, meaning that anyone may download and read the paper for free. In addition, the article may be reused and quoted provided that the original published version is cited. These conditions allow for maximum use and exposure of the work.
Reproducing Published Material from other Publishers: It is absolutely essential that authors obtain permission to reproduce any published material (figures, schemes, tables or any extract of a text) which does not fall into the public domain, or for which they do not hold the copyright. Permission should be requested by the authors from the copyrightholder (usually the Publisher, please refer to the imprint of the individual publications to identify the copyrightholder).
Permission is required for: Your own works published by other Publishers and for which you did not retain copyright.
Substantial extracts from anyones' works or a series of works.
Use of Tables, Graphs, Charts, Schemes and Artworks if they are unaltered or slightly modified.
Photographs for which you do not hold copyright.
Permission is not required for: Reconstruction of your own table with data already published elsewhere. Please notice that in this case you must cite the source of the data in the form of either "Data from..." or "Adapted from...".
Reasonably short quotes are considered fair use and therefore do not require permission.
Graphs, Charts, Schemes and Artworks that are completely redrawn by the authors and significantly changed beyond recognition do not require permission.
Obtaining Permission
In order to avoid unnecessary delays in the publication process, you should start obtaining permissions as early as possible. If in any doubt about the copyright, apply for permission. Journal of Legal Sciences cannot publish material from other publications without permission.
The copyright holder may give you instructions on the form of acknowledgement to be followed; otherwise follow the style: "Reproduced with permission from [author], [book/journal title]; published by [publisher], [year].' at the end of the caption of the Table, Figure or Scheme.
