Yazidi Genocide (Accountability and Prevention)
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.35246/k1e38k27Keywords:
ISIS, Genocide, Yazidis, Accountability, PreventionAbstract
Genocide is known as the "crime of crimes" because of its severity. It targets entire groups and has catastrophic consequences for humanity and human dignity. On august 3,2014, ISIS terrorist gangs launched a devastating attack on the yazidi community in sinjar, northwest Iraq. ISIS carried out mass executions and forcibly transferred thousands of yazidi captives to syria. yazidi boys as young as seven were trained for combat roles and suicide missions. ISIS also subjected yazidi women and girls to enslavement, torture, inhumane treatment, murder, and rape as part of their genocidal campaign. On its eleventh anniversary, this crime continues to raise fundamental questions about the devastating consequences of inadequate protection and impunity. it underscores the urgent need for justice and collective action to prevent the recurrence of such atrocities by identifying and monitoring risk factors, recognizing early warning signs of genocide, and prosecuting ISIS for genocide local and international communities have recognized to some extent the urgent need to assist the yazidis in their recovery, however, significant efforts are still required to ensure the long-term peace and well- being of this group. Accordingly, this research presents a definition of genocide in the first section, while the second section will outline the mechanisms available for holding ISIS accountable for genocide and ways to prevent the crime.
Downloads
References
Books
II. Al-Gharawi, F. (2023). ISIS Violations of International Humanitarian Law (1st Ed.). Al-Rafidain Center for Dialogue.
III. Mustafa, A. A. R. (2015). ISIS from the Cell to the Caliphate (1st Ed.). Author.
theses and Dissertations
IV. Abdullah, G. A. (2022). Cultural Genocide In International Law: Iraq As A Model (Master's thesis). College of Law, University of Baghdad.
V. Al-Sultani, I. H. A. R. (2020–2021). the Scope of the Penal Code In Crimes Committed Abroad: A Comparative Study (Doctoral Dissertation). Faculty of Law, Islamic University of Lebanon.
VI. Aziz, S. G. (2022). Protection of Minorities From Genocide During Non-International Armed Conflict: Iraq As A Model (Master's thesis). College of Law, University of Karbala.
VII. Othman, L. M. A. (2020). Confronting the Genocide of Minorities In Private International Law (Doctoral Dissertation). College of Law, University of Sulaimani.
VIII. Radia, A. M. (2013). International Criminal Responsibility For the Crime of Genocide (Master's thesis). Faculty of Law and Political Science, Akli Mohand Oulhadj University of Bouira.
IX. Rima, S. (2023). Mechanisms For Combating the Crime of Genocide (Master's thesis). Faculty of Law and Political Science, Abdelhamid Ibn Badis University of Mostaganem.
Legal Research & Journal Articles
X. Al-Qaisi, N. T. M. A. (2021). the Adequacy of International and National Mechanisms to Prevent and Punish the Crime of Genocide. Journal of the University of Duhok, 24(1). [Special Issue: 2nd International Scientific Conference on Genocide, Center For Genocide Studies].
XI. Hussein, A. N., & Muslim, N. I. (2017). International Criminal Responsibility For the Crimes of ISIS Terrorist Gangs. Journal of Legal Sciences, [Special Issue: Research of the Criminal Law Department Conference "towards A Contemporary Penal Policy towards Terrorist Crimes"]. College of Law, University of Baghdad.
XII. Maamari, L. (2021). the Crime of Genocide and Crimes Against Humanity Committed Against Palestinians In Light of the Rome Statute. Journal of Legal and Social Sciences, Ziane Achour University of Djelfa, 6(1).
XIII. Mohsen, H. S. (2021). the Crime of Genocide Against the Yazidis In Iraq. Journal of the Iraqi University, 59(3).
XIV. Rabie, Z. M. (2015). the Crime of Genocide. Journal of Legal Sciences, 30(1).
XV. Radi, R. R. (2024). the Crime of Genocide. Al-Karar Journal For Scientific Research, 2(6).
XVI. International Instruments
XVII. Convention on the Prevention and Punishment of the Crime of Genocide. (1948). United Nations General Assembly.
XVIII. Rome Statute of the International Criminal Court. (1998). International Criminal Court.
Reports and Documents
XIX. Human Rights Watch. (2017, December). Flawed Justice: Accountability For ISIS Crimes In Iraq.
XX. office on Genocide Prevention and the Responsibility to Protect. (N.D.). Preventing Incitement: Policy Options (Document No. 14-62295). United Nations.
XXI. United Nations Assistance Mission For Iraq (UNAMI) & office of the United Nations High Commissioner For Human Rights (OHCHR). (2018, November 6). Unearthing Atrocities: Mass Graves In Territory Formerly Controlled By ISIL.
XXII. United Nations General Assembly, Human Rights Council. (2014, June 30). Report of the office of the United Nations High Commissioner For Human Rights: Summary of the High-Level Panel Discussion on the Sixty-Fifth Anniversary of the Convention on the Prevention and Punishment of the Crime of Genocide (Doc. A/HRC/27/24).
XXIII. United Nations Investigative Team to Promote Accountability For Crimes Committed By Da'esh/ISIL (UNITAD). (2024, September). ISIL Attack on Sinjar In August 2014 and Subsequent Acts Committed Against the Yazidi Community In Iraq.
XXIV. United Nations Security Council. (2017). Resolution 2379 (2017) (S/RES/2379).
Arabic Electronic Websites
XXV. United Nations office on Genocide Prevention and the Responsibility to Protect. (N.D.). Report. KAICIID Dialogue Centre. Https://Www.Kaiciid.Org/Ar
XXVI. United Nations. (2021, May 10). UN Report: ISIS Committed Genocide Against the Yazidi Community and Used Biological Weapons In Iraq. UN News. Https://News.Un.Org/Ar/Story/2021/05/1075932
Foreign Electronic Websites
XXVII. office on Genocide Prevention and the Responsibility to Protect. (N.D.). Definitions of Genocide and Related Crimes. United Nations. Https://Www.Un.Org/En/Genocideprevention/Genocide.Shtml
XXVIII. Stanton, G. H. (N.D.). The Ten Stages of Genocide. Genocide Watch. Https://Www.Genocidewatch.Com.
Downloads
Published
License
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
Copyright and Licensing:
For all articles published in Journal of Legal Sciences, copyright is retained by the authors. Articles are licensed under an open access Creative Commons CC BY 4.0 license, meaning that anyone may download and read the paper for free. In addition, the article may be reused and quoted provided that the original published version is cited. These conditions allow for maximum use and exposure of the work.
Reproducing Published Material from other Publishers: It is absolutely essential that authors obtain permission to reproduce any published material (figures, schemes, tables or any extract of a text) which does not fall into the public domain, or for which they do not hold the copyright. Permission should be requested by the authors from the copyrightholder (usually the Publisher, please refer to the imprint of the individual publications to identify the copyrightholder).
Permission is required for: Your own works published by other Publishers and for which you did not retain copyright.
Substantial extracts from anyones' works or a series of works.
Use of Tables, Graphs, Charts, Schemes and Artworks if they are unaltered or slightly modified.
Photographs for which you do not hold copyright.
Permission is not required for: Reconstruction of your own table with data already published elsewhere. Please notice that in this case you must cite the source of the data in the form of either "Data from..." or "Adapted from...".
Reasonably short quotes are considered fair use and therefore do not require permission.
Graphs, Charts, Schemes and Artworks that are completely redrawn by the authors and significantly changed beyond recognition do not require permission.
Obtaining Permission
In order to avoid unnecessary delays in the publication process, you should start obtaining permissions as early as possible. If in any doubt about the copyright, apply for permission. Journal of Legal Sciences cannot publish material from other publications without permission.
The copyright holder may give you instructions on the form of acknowledgement to be followed; otherwise follow the style: "Reproduced with permission from [author], [book/journal title]; published by [publisher], [year].' at the end of the caption of the Table, Figure or Scheme.
