حماية الأطفال أثناء النزاعات المسلحة وفقاً لقواعد القانون الدولي الإنساني وقوانين الدول العربية

First: Arabic References

i. Al-Toumi, Ali Makhzoumi. *The Protection of Children During Armed Conflicts: A Comparative Study Between Islamic Jurisprudence and International Humanitarian Law. Al-Asmariya Islamic University Journal 13, no. 26 (2016).

ii. Al-Shaibi, Mohammed Saeed. *The Legal Protection of the Child During Armed Conflict.* The Egyptian Journal of International Law 63 (2007).

iii. Al-Enezi, Mohammed Ghali. *Children’s Rights in Kuwaiti Law.* Journal of Law, no. 1 (2020).

iv. Al-Mutairi, Fahd Sa’ran. *The Reservations of the Gulf Cooperation Council States to International Human Rights Conventions.* Master’s thesis, Middle East University, 2012.

v. Basheer, Al-Shafie Mohammed. *Human Rights Law.* Alexandria: Manshaat Al-Maaref, 2007, 4th ed.

vi. Jafar, Abdulsalam. *Principles of Public International Law.* Cairo: Dar Al-Nahda Al-Arabia, 1995, 4th ed.

vii. Rachidi, Adi. *International Protection of Women and Children During Armed Conflicts.* Journal of Legal Research and Studies 31 (2024).

viii. Radwan, Hosni Moussa. *The Protection of Children’s Rights Under the Bahraini Child Law No. 37 of 2012 and the Legislation of GCC States: A Comparative Analytical Study.* 2016.

ix. Saadi, Hadda, and Al-Akhdar Al-Akhdari. *The Protection of Children During Armed Conflicts.* Law and Society Journal 8, no. 2 (2020).

x. Smaeeni, Alaal. *Child Soldiers in International Humanitarian Law.* Journal of Law and Human Sciences 17, no. 2 (2024).

xi. Seeto, Mohammed Shakir. *Children’s Rights in International Armed Conflicts Between Islamic Jurisprudence and International Law.* Adab Al-Rafidain Journal 54, no. 96 (2024).

xii. Tlafha, Fadhel. *The Protection of Children in International Humanitarian Law.* In: International Conference on “Children’s Rights from an Educational and Legal Perspective,” Al-Isra University, Jordan, 2010.

xiii. Abdulrahman, Mostafa. *Public International Law: International Legal Relations and Methods of Settling International Disputes.* Shebin El-Kom: Modern Al-Walaa Press, 2006.

xiv. Abdullah, Shehab Suleiman. *International Humanitarian Law.* Riyadh: Al-Mutannabi Library, 2021, 1st ed.

xv. Ajjaz, Samia. *The Legal Protection of Children from Recruitment and Use in Armed Conflicts.* Bouira, Algeria: Akli Mohand Oulhadj University, 2009.

xvi. Atiya, Abu Al-Khair Ahmed. *The Protection of Civilian Populations and Civilian Objects During Armed Conflicts.* Cairo: Dar Al-Nahda Al-Arabia, 1998, 1st ed.

Second: Foreign References

i. Muzima, Anaise. “Reimagining the Scope of Children’s Legal Protection During Armed Conflicts Under International Humanitarian Law and International Criminal Law.” *UWO Journal of Legal Studies* 8, no. 1 (2018): 2.

ii. Lamçe, Juelda. “The Right to Protect Children under International Law: The Case of Child Soldiers.” *Studies* 2, no. 8 (October 2013).

Third: Academic Theses

i. Al-Khalaila, Imad Saleh Bkheet. *The Extent to Which International Law Regulates the Recruitment of Juveniles and Crimes Committed by Juveniles During Armed Conflicts.* PhD Dissertation, Amman Arab University, Jordan, 2015.

ii. Al-Mutairi, Falah Masad. *International Protection of the Child During Armed Conflicts.* Master’s Thesis, Al al-Bayt University, 2017.

Fourth: International Conventions and Agreements

i. *Convention on the Rights of the Child (1989).*

ii. *Additional Protocol I to the Geneva Conventions of 1977 Relating to the Protection of Victims of International Armed Conflicts.*

iii. *Additional Protocol II to the Geneva Conventions of 1977 Relating to the Protection of Victims of Non-International Armed Conflicts.*

iv. *Geneva Convention IV Relative to the Protection of Civilian Persons in Time of War (1949).*

Fifth: National Laws

i. *Egyptian Child Law No. 126 of 2008.*

ii. *Saudi Child Protection System*, Royal Decree No. (M/14), 1436 AH.

iii. *Executive Regulations of the Saudi Child Protection System*, Ministerial Resolution No. (56386) dated 16/6/1436 AH.

iv. *UAE Child Protection Law No. 3 of 2016.*

v. *Bahraini Child Law No. 37 of 2012.*

vi. *Omani Child Law No. 22 of 2014.*

vii. *Kuwaiti Child Law No. 21 of 2015.*

Sixth: International Reports and Websites

i. International Committee of the Red Cross. *ICRC Report*, September 2013. https://2u.pw/CDcT9G

ii. International Committee of the Red Cross. https://2u.pw/MexmOYZ5

iii. International Committee of the Red Cross. *Rules of War in Brief.* https://www.icrc.org/ar/law-and-policy/geneva-conventions-and-their-commentaries

iv. King Salman Humanitarian Aid and Relief Center. *Humanitarian and Relief Support Programs.* https://www.ksrelief.org/Programs/ProgramsList

v. United Nations. *Written Replies by the Government of the State of Qatar Concerning the List of Issues to Be Taken Up in Connection with the Consideration of the Second Periodic Report of Qatar, CRC/C/QAT/2.* https://www2.ohchr.org/english/bodies/crc/docs/AdvanceVersions/CRC.C.QAT.Q.2.Add.1_ar.pdf