إشكالية تأخر تنفيذ المشاريع الاستثمارية الحكومية في العراق: دراسة تطبيقية في ضوء تعليمات تنفيذ العقود الحكومية رقم 2 لسنة 2014 مع مقارنة بالنموذج الاردني

Ahmed Zakaria Siyam, Mechanisms for Attracting Foreign Investments to Arab Countries in the Context of Globalization: Jordan as a Model, Al-Balqa Applied University, Jordan, North African Economics Journal, Issue 3, pp. 82 and 91, Annual Report of the Iraqi Board of Supreme Audit (2022)

ii. Janan Al-Asadi, Al-Sabah Newspaper, second and third pages, published on 11/3/20

iii. Hassan Shabiri Zanjani, Aref Abdul Jalil, Contractor Obligations in Iraqi Law, Journal of Human and Natural Sciences, Issue Seven, Volume Six, July 2025,

iv. Al-Hafidh Mani', Muhammad Hamli, The Impact of the Theory of Exceptional Circumstances on Contract Implementation, A Comparative Study, Journal of Legal Studies and Research, Volume 7, Issue 1, 2022.

v. Khaled Ali Suleiman Bani Ahmed, The Difference Between Force Majeure and Exceptional Circumstances, A Comparative Study Between Islamic Jurisprudence and Positive Law, The Jordanian Journal of Islamic Studies, Issue 2, Year 2006.

vi. Dina Hanna Abdel Malik Hanna, Maha Mohamed Imam Al-Halabi, Doaa Abdel Rahman, Risk factors in interior design projects, Arab International Journal of Art and Digital Design, Volume 3, Issue 2, April 2024

vii. Sahar Jabbar Yaqub, Contract Termination due to Impossibility of Performance due to Extraordinary Circumstances, A Research Submitted to the University of Kufa / College of Law, Journal of the Center for Kufa Studies, Year 2008, Issue 7

viii. Singara Aisha, Faisal: Distinguishing Between the Theory of Exceptional Circumstances, Force Majeure, and Sudden Accident and Their Applications, Journal of Law and Human Sciences, University of Djelfa, Algeria, Volume 16, Issue 1, Year 2023

ix. Ghazi Edan Al-Hashimi Shaghaf, Identifying the Factors of Project Delays: A Case Study of the Directorate of Roads and Bridges in Basra, A Study Submitted for the Award of a Higher Diploma to the Council of the College of Administration and Economics, University of Basra, 2022

x. Sakhr Ahmed Naseef, Force Majeure and the Doctrine of Exceptional Circumstances During the Outbreak of Epidemics and Disasters, University of Diyala, College of Law and Political Sciences.

xi. Abdel Hafeez Mani, Mohamed Hamli, The Impact of Exceptional Circumstances on Contract Execution, A Comparative Study, Journal of Legal Studies and Research, Volume 7, Issue 1, Year 2022.

xii. Alaa Kazem Hussein Al-Murshidi, The Effect Resulting from the Seller's Refusal to Register the Property According to Civil Law and the Decisions of the Dissolved Revolutionary Command Council, Journal of the Faculty of Law, September 2, 20232)

xiii. Majda Abu Tayr, Expectations for Accelerated Cooperation Between Jordan and Iraq, Published in Al-Alam Al-Arabi Magazine, Amman, Jordan, January 23, 2023

xiv. Alaa Kazem Hussein Al-Murshidi, The Effect Resulting from the Seller's Refusal to Register the Property According to Civil Law and the Decisions of the Dissolved Revolutionary Command Council, Journal of the Faculty of Law, September 2, 20232)

xv. Majda Abu Tayr, Expectations for Accelerated Cooperation Between Jordan and Iraq, Published in Al-Alam Al-Arabi Magazine, Amman, Jordan, January 23, 2023

xvi. Marivan Mustafa Rashid, Azhar Abdullah Hassan, 'The Experience of Power Transfer in Iraq (Positives and Negatives),' Journal of Al-Qalam University College (Special Issue), 5/6/20202)

xvii. Moataz Faisal Al-Abbasi, 'Prevention of Corruption in Government Contracts,' Al-Bayan Center for Studies and Planning, April 2024

xviii. Nizar Abdul Amir Turki Al-Ghanimi, Hamad Jassim Mohammed Al-Khazraji, Financial and Administrative Corruption and Its Role in Limiting the Iraqi Economy After the American Occupation of Iraq in 2003,

xix. a paper published in the 13th Annual Scientific Conference of the College of Law / University of Karbala, 2017.2) A workshop at the Ministry of Planning on the Mechanism of Work of the Board of Supreme Audit and Its Role in Addressing Stalled Projects, Ministry of Planning Website, September 2024.

xx. Ministry of Public Works and Housing / Government Tenders Department / Unified Contract for Construction Projects / 2010 / 2nd Edition amended 2013

xxi. Ministry of Planning, Editorial Team, Statement by a Spokesperson of the Ministry of Planning on Al-Saa'a Network, How much Iraq lost due to numerous stalled and fictitious projects, July 5, 2025

xxii. Al Kulabi, A. K., & Atiea, H. M. J. (2022). Time overruns in the construction projects in Iraq: Case study on investigating and analyzing the root causes. Open Engineering, 12(1), 702. https://doi.org/10.1515/eng-2022-035

xxiii. Bekr, G. A. (2015). Causes of delay in public construction projects in Iraq. Jordan Journal of Civil Engineering, 9(2), 149–162.

xxiv. Bekr, G. A. (2018). Study and assessment of causes and effects of delay in large public construction projects in Jordan. International Journal of Applied Engineering Research, 13(8), 6204–6210.

xxv. Alhawatmeh, O. S., Riazi, S. R. M., Shafiei, M. W. M., Nawi, M. N. M., & Ahmed, Y. H. (2022). The use of supply chain management to reduce delays in Jordan’s infrastructure projects. International Journal of Academic Research in Accounting, Finance and Management Sciences, 12(3), 287–291.

xxvi. Al‑Karawi, S. N. (2018). Challenges facing construction contracts in Iraq. Journal of Engineering and Sustainable Development, Al‑Mustansiriyah University, 22(4), xx–yy

xxvii. Zain‑alabdeen, W. R., & Rasheed, S. M. (2022). Comparison of time extension provisions between the Joint Contracts Tribunal and Iraqi Standard Bidding Document. Journal of the Mechanical Behavior of Materials

Laws:

i. Iraqi Civil Law No. 40 of 1951

ii. Instructions for the Implementation of Government Contracts No. 1 of 2008

iii. Instructions for the Implementation of Government Contracts No. 2 of 2014

iv. Regulations annexed to the above instructions

v. Unified Contract Book for Construction Projects 2010 / Ministry of Public Works and Housing / Government Contracts Department / 2013 amended edition

vi. Guide to Implementing Government Contracts in Iraq / Part Four / Goods Contracting Process

vii. Jordanian Labor System No. 71 of 1986 and its amendments

viii. Iraqi Federal Integrity Commission, Annual Report for 2023, Baghdad.

ix. Federal Board of Financial Supervision, Annual Reports for 2022 and 2023

Web Site:

i. https://alssaa.com/post/show/23309-%D9%83%D9%85-%D8%AE%D8%B3%D8%B1-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B9%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%82-%D8%A8%D8%B3%D8%A8%D8%A8-%D8%A2%D9%84%D8%A7%D9%81-%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%85%D8%B4%D8%A7%D8%B1%D9%8A%D8%B9-%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%85%D8%AA%D9%84%D9%83%D8%A6%D8%A9-%D9%88%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%88%D9%87%D9%85%D9%8A%D8%A9

ii. https://law.uodiyala.edu.iq/%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%82%D9%88%D8%A9-%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%82%D8%A7%D9%87%D8%B1%D8%A9-%D9%88%D9%86%D8%B8%D8%B1%D9%8A%D8%A9-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B8%D8%B1%D9%88%D9%81-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B7%D8%A7%D8%B1%D8%A6%D8%A9-%D8%B9

iii. https://mop.gov.iq/archives/25606?utm_source=chatg.

iv. https://uomosul.edu.iq/contract/wp-content/uploads/sites/40

v. fbsa.gov.iq