الالتزام بما هو لازم كفكرة لتجسيد عنصر الاخلاق في القانون

المؤلفون

  • أ.د. محمد سليمان الأحمد جامعة السليمانية - كلية القانون / أستاذ زائر في جامعة الشارقة – الامارات
  • د. تحسين حمد سمايل جامعة سوران / كلية القانون

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.35246/jols.v37i2.543

الكلمات المفتاحية:

الأخلاق، القانون، الالتزام، الواجب، الالتزام الطبيعي، حسن النية، العقد، المسؤولية

الملخص

    إن بعض الافعال لا يكون مصدرها القانون، بل الوازع الاخلاقي للانسان، وهذه الافعال لا تؤدى طواعية، بل هي لازمة على الاشخاص ، لأن الانسان كائن اخلاقي يتحدد وجوده من علاقته بالقيم، وبما أن الاخلاق من العلوم المعيارية التي تربط الغاية بالوسيلة، أي لا تقتصر الدراسة فيها على ما هو كائن، أو الاوضاع الراهنة، بل تنصب على ما ينبغي أن يكون ، لذا أن مهمتها هي وضع الشروط التي يجب توافرها في الارادة والافعال الانسانية لكي تصبح موضوعاً للاحكام القانونية والاخلاقية، لأن هناك علاقة وطيدة تربط القانون بالاخلاق، وعلى الرغم من عدم وجود قاعدة قانونية تلزم الافراد بالقيام بافعال ينحصر مصدرها في القيم الخُلقية، كمد يد المساعدة ومعاونة الآخرين، أو ارشاد أحد إلى مشفى، إلا أن هناك ارادة خيرة إلى جانب الواجب يلزم الاشخاص القيام بها كدعامة للاخلاق والامتثال للقانون الاخلاقي، مادام السلوك الاخلاقي يتضمن ضرورة الالتزام بالواجب، وفي حالة مخالفة المقتضى الاخلاقي يكون قد أخل بالمسؤولية الاخلاقية، لأن الواجب الاخلاقي يفرض على الانسان واجبين: واجب ايجابي من خلال معاونة غيره واسعاد الآخرين، وواجب سلبي يفرضه بعدم الاعتداء على الغير، إلى جانب ذلك فإن الشخص الذي يلتزم بالواجب الأول ينال ثواب معنوي تكريمي غير مالي، أبعد أجلاً وتأثراً واكثر دوماً، ويعزز سلوكه ويحصل على رضى في نفسه، أما إذا لم يلتزم بالواجب الثاني فأنه يستوجب أن ينال عقاب مناسب، مع ذلك ورغم أن هذا الالزام الاخلاقي لا يتضمن أي معيار من المعايير القانونية الفنية أو التكتيكية، إلا أنها تتصف بصفتي التخصص والالزام لدى شعور شخص عندما يبدي استعداده لمساعدة الآخرين، فتنهض على الفور قاعدة ملزمة رغم عدم قوننتها واحتفاظها بقيمتها النبيلة، وقد التزم بما هو لازم عليه، لذلك ليس من الضروري قوننة هذه الاخلاقيات الجميلة والرائعة.  

التنزيلات

تنزيل البيانات ليس متاحًا بعد.

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التنزيلات

منشور

24-12-2022 — تم تحديثه في 04-01-2023

النسخ

كيفية الاقتباس

الأحمد محمد, و سمايل تحسين. (2022) 2023. "الالتزام بما هو لازم كفكرة لتجسيد عنصر الاخلاق في القانون ". مجلة العلوم القانونية 37 (2): 1-54. https://doi.org/10.35246/jols.v37i2.543.

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