التنظيم القانوني للحقوق العينية الرقمية في الفضاء الافتراضي

Books and Monographs

II. Abd al-Salam, S. S. (2019). The legal characterization of virtual currencies. Journal of Legal and Economic Research, Mansoura University, 70.

III. al-Ahwani, H. (2000). Principal real rights. University Publications House.

IV. al-Bashir, M. T., & Taha, G. H. (2010). Real rights (Vol. 1). al-Sanhuri Library.

V. al-Hakim, A. M. (2007). A concise commentary on Iraqi Civil Law (Vol. 1). Legal Library.

VI. al-Nadawi, A. W. (2011). Civil procedure. Dar al-Sanhuri.

VII. al-Sadah, A. M. F. (1993). Principal real rights. Dar al-Nahda al-Arabiyya.

VIII. al-Sanhuri, A. A. (2010a). The mediator in the commentary on civil law: The right of ownership (Vol. 8). Dar al-Nahda al-Arabiyya.

IX. al-Sanhuri, A. A. (2010b). The mediator in the commentary on civil law: Sale and barter (Vol. 4). Dar al-Nahda al-Arabiyya.

X. al-Ubaudi, A. (2005). Commentary on the provisions of the law of evidence. Dar al-Thaqafa.

XI. Antonopoulos, A. M. (2017). Mastering bitcoin: Programming the open blockchain (2nd ed.). O'Reilly Media.

XII. Mubarak, S. A. (1988). Principles of civil proceedings. Dar al-Hurriyya.

XIII. Mansour, M. H. (2020). The general theory of rights. Dar al-Jami'a al-Jadida.

XIV. Qasim, M. H. (2018). Civil law: Real rights. al-Halabi Legal Publications.

XV. Sa'ad, N. I. (2015). Principal real rights. Dar al-Jami'a al-Jadida.

XVI. Salim, A. S. (2021). The legal nature of cryptocurrencies. Dar al-Nahda al-Arabiyya.

XVII. Sultan, A. (2004). Principal real rights. University Publications House.

XVIII. Taha, G. H. (1971). The concise theory of obligations. al-Ma'arif Press.

XIX. Zaki, M. J. (1999). The concise general theory of obligations. Cairo University Press.

XX. Zahra, M. M. (2005). Principal real rights. Dar al-Nahda al-Arabiyya.

Journal Articles

XXI. Blemus, S. (2019). Droit et crypto-actifs. Revue d'économie financière, 136, 143–160.

XXII. Fairfield, J. (2022). Tokenized: The law of non-fungible tokens and unique digital property. Indiana Law Journal, 97(4), 1261–1313.

XXIII. Fox, D. (2022). Cryptocurrencies in the common law of property. Cambridge Law Journal, 78(1), 29–62.

XXIV. Garcia-Teruel, R. M. (2021). Legal challenges of real estate tokenization. European Review of Private Law, 29(3), 677–710.

XXV. Gimigliano, G. (2022). Bitcoin and the law: A property rights perspective. Oxford Journal of Legal Studies, 42(1), 1–32.

XXVI. Mignot, M. (2020). La saisie des crypto-actifs. Recueil Dalloz, (31), 1120–1128.

XXVII. Werbach, K., & Cornell, N. (2017). Contracts ex machina. Duke Law Journal, 67(2), 313–382.

XXVIII. Zetzsche, D. A., Buckley, R. P., Arner, D. W., & Föhr, L. (2018). The distributed liability of distributed ledgers: Legal risks of blockchain. University of Illinois Law Review, 2018(4), 1361–1407.

Legislation and Official Documents

XXIX. Central Bank of Iraq. (2021). Warning statement regarding dealing in encrypted digital currencies. Retrieved from www.cbi.iq

XXX. Egyptian Central Bank and Banking Sector Law No. 194 of 2020, Article 206. Arab Republic of Egypt.

XXXI. Electronic Signature and Electronic Transactions Law No. 78 of 2012, Article 10. Republic of Iraq.

XXXII. Financial Action Task Force (FATF). (2021). Virtual assets and virtual asset service providers: Updated guidance. FATF. www.fatf-gafi.org

XXXIII. French Monetary and Financial Code (Code monétaire et financier), Articles L. 54-10-1, L. 211-3, L. 133-18, L. 223-12 (as amended by Ordonnance n° 2017-1674 and Loi PACTE n° 2019-486).

XXXIV. Iraqi Civil Code No. 40 of 1951 (as amended), Articles 61, 65, 1048, 1098, 1112.

XXXV. Iraqi Civil Procedure Code No. 83 of 1969 (as amended), Article 231.

XXXVI. Egyptian Civil Code No. 131 of 1948 (as amended), Articles 81, 802, 870, 932.

XXXVII. Law Commission (England and Wales). (2023). Digital assets: Final report (Law Com No. 412). www.lawcom.gov.uk

XXXVIII. Nakamoto, S. (2008). Bitcoin: A peer-to-peer electronic cash system. https://bitcoin.org/bitcoin.pdf

Case Law

XXXIX. High Court of Justice (England and Wales), Commercial Court. (2019, October 7). AA v Persons Unknown. [2019] EWHC 3556 (Comm). Judgment of Bryan J. (Establishing cryptocurrency as legally cognizable property; setting precedent for real rights in digital assets)

XL. High Court of Justice (England and Wales), Commercial Court. (2020, December 21). Ion Science Ltd v Persons Unknown. Unreported Commercial Court Decision. (Court-authorized blockchain analysis for tracing stolen cryptocurrency; evidentiary value of distributed ledger technology in proving ownership)

XLI. High Court of Justice (England and Wales), Commercial Court. (2021, August 27). Fetch.ai Ltd v Persons Unknown. [2021] EWHC 2254 (Comm). Judgment of Pelling J. (Grant of Bankers Trust orders against out-of-jurisdiction cryptocurrency exchanges for disclosure of customer identity;

XLII. High Court of Justice (England and Wales), Commercial Court. (2022, May 13). Osbourne v Persons Unknown. [2022] EWHC 1021 (Comm).