التفسير التطوري للمعاهدات الدولية
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.35246/jols.v35i1.300الكلمات المفتاحية:
التفسير التطوري، التفسير المعاصر، الاداة الحية، استقلال المعنى، فاعلية التفسيرالملخص
تناول البحث موضوع التفسير التطوري للمعاهدات الدولية في ثلاثة مباحث : الأول، صب اهتمامه البحثي على الاطار المفاهيمي للتفسير التطوري واساسه الفلسفي والقانوني وما يرتبط به من محددات. أما المبحث الثاني فتناول موقف محكمة العدل الدولية من الركون إلى التفسير التطوري ودراسة وتحليل سوابقها في هذا الجانب وما تمخض عنها من معايير مقترحة ومتبناة. أم المبحث الثالث فقد تناول موقف قضاء حقوق الإنسان من خلال تحليل أحكام المحكمة الأوربية لحقوق الإنسان والمحكمة الأمريكية لحقوق الانسان انطلاقاً من المعايير التي افرزتها الممارسات القضائية والتي تنوعت حسب نوع المعاهدة ومداها الزماني، طبيعة المصطلح ، الاتجاه المعتمد في القانون الدولي بالاضافة إلى المعايير الاخرى التي ترتبط بطريقة التفسير ذاتها كتلك المرتبطة بالمعنى المستقل أو الطريقة الفاعلة في التفسير .
التنزيلات
تنزيل البيانات ليس متاحًا بعد.
المراجع
أولاً : الكتب
I. Anthony Aust, modern treaty law and practice, 2nd edition, Cambridge University Press, London, 2007.
II. Casilda Rueda Fernández, Delitos de derecho internacional: tipificaci ó n y represi ó n internacional , Bosch, Barcelona, 2001.
III. Ian Brownlie, “The Rights of Peoples in Modem International Law”, The Rights of Peoples, Edited by James Crawford, Clarendon Press, Oxford, 1988.
IV. Ian Sinclair, The Vienna Convention on the Law of Treaties , 2 edition , Manchester University Press, Manchester, 1984.
V. J G Merrills, The development of international law by the European Court of Human Rights , Manchester University Press, Manchester, 1990.
VI. James Crawford, A Consensualist Interpretation of Article 31 (3) of the Vienna Convention on the Law of Treaties, in Treaties and Subsequent Practice ,Edited by Georg Nolte, Oxford University Press, Oxford, 2013.
VII. Jean d'Aspremont, "Formalism versus Flexibility in the Law of Treaties " , Research Handbook on the Law of Treaties, edited by. C. Tams, A. Tzanakopoulos and A. Zimmermann, Edward Elgar, 2014, Available at: https://pure.uva.nl/ws/files/2414664/153438_432306.pdf
VIII. Lord McNair, The Law of Treaties , 2 edition, Oxford University Press, Oxford, 1961.
IX. Peter Tzeng , "The Principles of Contemporaneous and Evolutionary Interpretation", Book Chapter, in Between the Lines of the Vienna Convention?: Canons of Construction and Other Principles of Interpretation in Public International Law, Edited by Joseph Klingler, Yuri Parkhomenko, Constantinos Salonidis, Kluwer Law International B V,Netherlands, 2019, Available at: https://ssrn.com/abstract=3314107
X. Pierre-Marie Dupuy, Evolutionary Interpretation of Treaties: Between Memory and Prophecy, in THE LAW OF TREATIES BEYOND THE VIENNA CONVENTION, Edited by Enzo Cannizzaro,Oxford University press, Oxford ,2011, P.128.
XI. Remiro Brotóns Antonio, (et al), Derecho Internacional, Tirant lo Blanch, Valencia, 2007.
XII. Roscoe Pound, The Spirit of the Common Law , Marshall Jones Company Publishers, Francestown, New Hampshire, 1921.
XIII. Vera Gowlland-Debbas, "The Role of International Court of Justice in the Development of the Contemporary Law of Treaties", in The Development of International Law by the International Court of Justice, Edited by Christian J. Tams, James Sloan, Oxford University Press, Oxford, 2013.
ثانياً : البحوث
XIV. Anastasios Gourgourini , "The Distinction between Interpretation and Application of Norms in International Adjudication", Journal of International Dispute Settlement, Vol. 2, No. 1,2011.
XV. Carlos Enrique Arévalo Narváez and Paola Andrea Patarroyo Ramírez,"Treaties over Time and Human Rights: A Case Law Analysis of the Inter-American Court of Human Rights",Anuario Colombiano de Derecho Internacional, Vol. 10, 2017.
XVI. George Letsas , "The ECHR as a Living Instrument: Its Meaning and its Legitimacy".(March 14, 2012, p.2. Available at: SSRN: https://ssrn.com/abstract=2021836
XVII. George Letsas, "Strasbourg’s Interpretive Ethic: Lessons for the International Lawyer", The European Journal of International Law, Vol. 21, No. 3, 2010.
XVIII. Gerald Neuman, "Import, Export, and Regional Consent in the Inter-American Court of Human Rights" ,The European Journal of International Law. Vol. 19 No. 1, 2008.
XIX. Gerald Fitzmaurice "The Law and Procedure of the International Court of Justice, 1951-4: Treaty Interpretation and other Treaty Points", British Yearbook of Internatinal Law, Vol, 33, 1957.
XX. Giorgio Gaja; H Patrick Glenn, The Protection of General Interests in the International Community : General Course on Public Interntional Law , Martinus Nijhoff Publishers, Leiden, Boston, Recueil des cours, 364,2012.
XXI. Hersch Lauterpacht, "Restrictive Interpretations and the Principle of Effectiveness in the Interpretation of Treaties" , British Yearbook of International Law, Oxford University Press Vol, 26, 1949.
XXII. Humphrey Waldock , Third Report on the law of treaties of Special Rapporteur , Topic: Law of Treaties , The Yearbook of the International Law Commission, Vol. II, 1964,parag.13, Disponlibe in https://legal.un.org/ilc/documentation/english/a_cn4_167.pdf
XXIII. Inagaki Osamu, "Evolutionary Interpretation of Treaties Re-examined: The Two-Stage Reasoning", Journal of international cooperation studies, Vol.22. No.2-3, 2015.
XXIV. Isabelle Van Damme, "Treaty Interpretation by the WTO Appellate Body", The European Journal of International Law, Vol, 21,No,3, 2010.
XXV. Julian Arato, "Subsequent Practice and Evolutive Interpretation: Techniques of Treaty Interpretation over Time and Their Diverse Consequences", Law & Practice of International Courts and Tribunals, Vol. 9, No. 3, 2010.
XXVI. Malgosia Fitzmauricem, "Dynamic (Evolutive) Interpretation of Treaties", Part I, Hague yearbook of international law, Vol. 21, 2008.
XXVII. Martin Dawidowicz, "The Effect of the Passage of Time on the Interpretation of Treaties: Some Reflections on Costa Rica v. Nicaragua", Leiden Journal of International Law, Vol. 24, 2011.
XXVIII. Maša Marochini, "The interpretation of the European Convention Human Rights", Zbornik radova Pravnog fakulteta u Splitu, Vol.51.1,2014.
XXIX. Mehrish B.N., "Travaux Preparatoires as an Element in the Interpretation of Treaties" ,Indian Journal of International Law, Vol.11, 1971.
XXX. Michael Waibel ,"Demystifying the Art of Interpretation ",The European Journal of International Law ,Vol. 22 No. 2, 2011.
XXXI. RP Schaffer, "Current Trends in Treaty Interpretation and the South African Approach", Australian Year Book of International Law, Vol.7, 1977.
XXXII. Sondre Torp Helmersen, "Evolutive Treaty Interpretation: Legality, Semantics and Distinctions", European Journal of Legal Studies, Vol. 6, Issue 1 ,Spring/Summer, 2013.
XXXIII. Tania Giovanna Vivas , Estefanía Barragán, "Estudio sobre el Cumplimiento de la Sentencia Masacre de Mapiripán contra Colombia", Revista Prolegómenos - Derechos y Valores, Vol.XIX - No. 37, Enero - Junio ,2016.
XXXIV. Ulf Linderfalk, "Is the hierarchical structure of articles 31 and 32 of the Vienna Convention real or not?interpreting the rules of interpretation", Netherlands international law review, Vol. 54, Nº. 1, 2007.
XXXV. Vasilios S. Spyridakis, "Loizidou v. Turkey and the Future of Property Compensation for Refugees in Cyprus and Beyond", Journal of Modern Hellenism,No. 25-26 (2008-2009).
XXXVI. Xavier Andrés Flores Aguirre, “La Responsabilidad Penal Internacional del Individuo y su Complementariedad con la Corte Penal Internacional: Perspectivas desde el Sistema Interamericano de Protección de los Derechos Humanos”, American University International Law Review , Vol.20, 2004.
XXXVII. Zdenek Novy, "Evolutionary Interpretation of International Treaties", Czech Yearbook of International Law, Vol. VIII, 2017.
ثالثاً: الأحكام والاراء الاستشارية القضائية
XXXVIII. Inter-American Court of Human Rights , The Right to Information on Consular Assistance in the Framework of the Guarantees of the Due Process of Law, Advisory Opinion oc-16/99 , requested by the United Mexican States.
XXXIX. Inter-American Court of Human Rights Case of Bulacio v. Argentina Judgment of September 18, 2003 (Merits, Reparations and Costs).
XL. Inter-American Court of Human Rights, Case of the “Mapiripán Massacre” v. Colombia, Merits, Reparations, and Costs, Judgment of September 15, 2005.
XLI. Inter-American Court of Human Rights, The Effect of Reservations on the Entry into Force of the American Convention on Human Rights (Arts. 74 and 75), Advisory Opinion OC-2/82, Series A, No. 2, September 24, 1982.
XLII. Inter-American Court of Human Rights, The Word ‘ Laws ’ in Article 30 of the American Convention on Human Rights , Advisory Opinion OC-6/86, , Series A, No. 6 (1986).
XLIII. International Arbitral Awards , Island of Palmas case (Netherland, USA), Award of 4 April 1928, Vol.2.
XLIV. International Arbitral Awards,The Iron Rhine (‘Ijzeren Rhin’) Railway Arbitration , between the Kingdom of Belgium and the Kingdom of the Netherlands (Belgium v Netherlands) decision of 24 May 2005, VOLUME XXVII .
XLV. International Court of Justice , Aegean Sea Continental Shelf (Greece v. Turkey), Judgment (19 Dec. 1978), ICJ Reports 1978.
XLVI. International Court of Justice, Dispute regarding Navigational and Related Rights (Costa Rica v. Nicaragua), Judgment, I.C.J. Reports 2009.
XLVII. International Court of Justice, Kasikili/Sedudu Island (Botswana/Namibia), Judgment, ICJ Reports 1999, p. 1045.
XLVIII. International Court of Justice, Legal Consequences for States of the Continued Presence of South Africa in Namibia (South West Africa) notwithstanding Security Council Resolution 276 (1970). Aviliable at : https://www.icj-cij.org/files/case-related/53/053-19710621-ADV-01-00-EN.pdf
XLIX. International Court of Justice, Pulp Mills on the River Uruguay (Argentina v. Uruguay), Judgment (20 April 2010), ICJ Reports 2010.
L. International Court of Justice, Rights of Nationals of the United States of America in Morocco, Judgment (27 Aug. 1952), ICJ Reports 1952, p. 176, at pp. 188-189.
LI. The European Court of Human Rights CASE OF MARCKX v. BELGIUM, (Application no. 6833/74) JUDGMENT,13 June 1979.
LII. The European Court of Human Rights, CASE OF LOIZIDOU v. TURKEY, Preliminary Objections, Application no. 15318/89, Judgment 23 March 1995.
LIII. The European Court of Human Rights, CASE OF MATTHEWS v. THE UNITED KINGDOM, Application no. 24833/94 , Chamber, Judgment 18 February 1999
LIV. The European Court of Human Rights, CASE OF ENGEL AND OTHERS v. THE NETHERLANDS, Plenary, Application no. 5100/71; 5101/71; 5102/71; 5354/72; 5370/72, Judgment, 8 June 1976.
LV. The European Court of Human Rights, CASE OF GOLDER v. THE UNITED KINGDOM, Application no. 4451/70 , Judgment21 February 1975 .
LVI. The European Court of Human Rights, CASE OF TYRER v. THE UNITED KINGDOM, Application no. 5856/72, Chamber, Judgment 25 April 1978 .
LVII. The European Court of Human Rights, CASE OF X AND Y v. THE NETHERLANDS, Application no. 8978/80 , Judgment 26 March 1985.
رابعاً :النصوص القانونية :
I. أتفاقية فينا لقانون المعاهدات لسنة 1969.
II. ميثاق الأمم المتحدة لسنة 1945.
III. النظام الأساسي للمحكمة الدائمة للعدل الدولي
IV. ميثاق عصبة الأمم لسنة 1919.
V. معاهدة الحدود المبرمة بين نيكاراغوا وكوستاريكا في عام 1858
VI. النظام الأساسي لنهر أوروغواي الموقع بين الأوروغواي والأرجنتين في سالتو في 26 فبراير 1975 .
VII. الاتفاقية الأوروبية لحماية حقوق الإنسان والحريات الأساسية لسنة 1950 .
VIII. الاتفاقية الأمريكية لحقوق الإنسان لسنة 1969.
خامساً : التقارير
I. International Law Commission , Conclusions of the work of the Study Group on the Fragmentation of International Law: Difficulties arising from the Diversification and Expansion of International Law , Fifty-eighth session, 2006, Yearbook of the International Law Commission, Vol. II, part 2, Available at : https://legal.un.org/ilc/texts/instruments/english/draft_articles/1_9_2006.pdf
II. International Law Commission, Fragmentation of International Law: difficulties arising from the diversification and expansion of international law, fifty-eighth session, geneva, 1 may-9 june and 3 july-11 august 2006, report of the study group of the international law commission finalized by martti koskenniemi,. (تقرير koskenniemi( . Available at : https://legal.un.org/ilc/documentation/english/a_cn4_l682.pdf
III. Opinion of Judge A. A. Cançado Trindade, Inter-American Court of Human Rights, in Case of the Pueblo Bello Massacre v. Colombia Judgment of January 31, 2006 (Merits, Reparations and Costs).
IV. تقرير لجنة القانون الدولي ، الدورة السبعون ، للقترة من 30 نيسان إلى ا حزيران في نيويورك و من 2 تموز إلى 10 أب في جنيف، 2018 ، A/73/10 .
I. Anthony Aust, modern treaty law and practice, 2nd edition, Cambridge University Press, London, 2007.
II. Casilda Rueda Fernández, Delitos de derecho internacional: tipificaci ó n y represi ó n internacional , Bosch, Barcelona, 2001.
III. Ian Brownlie, “The Rights of Peoples in Modem International Law”, The Rights of Peoples, Edited by James Crawford, Clarendon Press, Oxford, 1988.
IV. Ian Sinclair, The Vienna Convention on the Law of Treaties , 2 edition , Manchester University Press, Manchester, 1984.
V. J G Merrills, The development of international law by the European Court of Human Rights , Manchester University Press, Manchester, 1990.
VI. James Crawford, A Consensualist Interpretation of Article 31 (3) of the Vienna Convention on the Law of Treaties, in Treaties and Subsequent Practice ,Edited by Georg Nolte, Oxford University Press, Oxford, 2013.
VII. Jean d'Aspremont, "Formalism versus Flexibility in the Law of Treaties " , Research Handbook on the Law of Treaties, edited by. C. Tams, A. Tzanakopoulos and A. Zimmermann, Edward Elgar, 2014, Available at: https://pure.uva.nl/ws/files/2414664/153438_432306.pdf
VIII. Lord McNair, The Law of Treaties , 2 edition, Oxford University Press, Oxford, 1961.
IX. Peter Tzeng , "The Principles of Contemporaneous and Evolutionary Interpretation", Book Chapter, in Between the Lines of the Vienna Convention?: Canons of Construction and Other Principles of Interpretation in Public International Law, Edited by Joseph Klingler, Yuri Parkhomenko, Constantinos Salonidis, Kluwer Law International B V,Netherlands, 2019, Available at: https://ssrn.com/abstract=3314107
X. Pierre-Marie Dupuy, Evolutionary Interpretation of Treaties: Between Memory and Prophecy, in THE LAW OF TREATIES BEYOND THE VIENNA CONVENTION, Edited by Enzo Cannizzaro,Oxford University press, Oxford ,2011, P.128.
XI. Remiro Brotóns Antonio, (et al), Derecho Internacional, Tirant lo Blanch, Valencia, 2007.
XII. Roscoe Pound, The Spirit of the Common Law , Marshall Jones Company Publishers, Francestown, New Hampshire, 1921.
XIII. Vera Gowlland-Debbas, "The Role of International Court of Justice in the Development of the Contemporary Law of Treaties", in The Development of International Law by the International Court of Justice, Edited by Christian J. Tams, James Sloan, Oxford University Press, Oxford, 2013.
ثانياً : البحوث
XIV. Anastasios Gourgourini , "The Distinction between Interpretation and Application of Norms in International Adjudication", Journal of International Dispute Settlement, Vol. 2, No. 1,2011.
XV. Carlos Enrique Arévalo Narváez and Paola Andrea Patarroyo Ramírez,"Treaties over Time and Human Rights: A Case Law Analysis of the Inter-American Court of Human Rights",Anuario Colombiano de Derecho Internacional, Vol. 10, 2017.
XVI. George Letsas , "The ECHR as a Living Instrument: Its Meaning and its Legitimacy".(March 14, 2012, p.2. Available at: SSRN: https://ssrn.com/abstract=2021836
XVII. George Letsas, "Strasbourg’s Interpretive Ethic: Lessons for the International Lawyer", The European Journal of International Law, Vol. 21, No. 3, 2010.
XVIII. Gerald Neuman, "Import, Export, and Regional Consent in the Inter-American Court of Human Rights" ,The European Journal of International Law. Vol. 19 No. 1, 2008.
XIX. Gerald Fitzmaurice "The Law and Procedure of the International Court of Justice, 1951-4: Treaty Interpretation and other Treaty Points", British Yearbook of Internatinal Law, Vol, 33, 1957.
XX. Giorgio Gaja; H Patrick Glenn, The Protection of General Interests in the International Community : General Course on Public Interntional Law , Martinus Nijhoff Publishers, Leiden, Boston, Recueil des cours, 364,2012.
XXI. Hersch Lauterpacht, "Restrictive Interpretations and the Principle of Effectiveness in the Interpretation of Treaties" , British Yearbook of International Law, Oxford University Press Vol, 26, 1949.
XXII. Humphrey Waldock , Third Report on the law of treaties of Special Rapporteur , Topic: Law of Treaties , The Yearbook of the International Law Commission, Vol. II, 1964,parag.13, Disponlibe in https://legal.un.org/ilc/documentation/english/a_cn4_167.pdf
XXIII. Inagaki Osamu, "Evolutionary Interpretation of Treaties Re-examined: The Two-Stage Reasoning", Journal of international cooperation studies, Vol.22. No.2-3, 2015.
XXIV. Isabelle Van Damme, "Treaty Interpretation by the WTO Appellate Body", The European Journal of International Law, Vol, 21,No,3, 2010.
XXV. Julian Arato, "Subsequent Practice and Evolutive Interpretation: Techniques of Treaty Interpretation over Time and Their Diverse Consequences", Law & Practice of International Courts and Tribunals, Vol. 9, No. 3, 2010.
XXVI. Malgosia Fitzmauricem, "Dynamic (Evolutive) Interpretation of Treaties", Part I, Hague yearbook of international law, Vol. 21, 2008.
XXVII. Martin Dawidowicz, "The Effect of the Passage of Time on the Interpretation of Treaties: Some Reflections on Costa Rica v. Nicaragua", Leiden Journal of International Law, Vol. 24, 2011.
XXVIII. Maša Marochini, "The interpretation of the European Convention Human Rights", Zbornik radova Pravnog fakulteta u Splitu, Vol.51.1,2014.
XXIX. Mehrish B.N., "Travaux Preparatoires as an Element in the Interpretation of Treaties" ,Indian Journal of International Law, Vol.11, 1971.
XXX. Michael Waibel ,"Demystifying the Art of Interpretation ",The European Journal of International Law ,Vol. 22 No. 2, 2011.
XXXI. RP Schaffer, "Current Trends in Treaty Interpretation and the South African Approach", Australian Year Book of International Law, Vol.7, 1977.
XXXII. Sondre Torp Helmersen, "Evolutive Treaty Interpretation: Legality, Semantics and Distinctions", European Journal of Legal Studies, Vol. 6, Issue 1 ,Spring/Summer, 2013.
XXXIII. Tania Giovanna Vivas , Estefanía Barragán, "Estudio sobre el Cumplimiento de la Sentencia Masacre de Mapiripán contra Colombia", Revista Prolegómenos - Derechos y Valores, Vol.XIX - No. 37, Enero - Junio ,2016.
XXXIV. Ulf Linderfalk, "Is the hierarchical structure of articles 31 and 32 of the Vienna Convention real or not?interpreting the rules of interpretation", Netherlands international law review, Vol. 54, Nº. 1, 2007.
XXXV. Vasilios S. Spyridakis, "Loizidou v. Turkey and the Future of Property Compensation for Refugees in Cyprus and Beyond", Journal of Modern Hellenism,No. 25-26 (2008-2009).
XXXVI. Xavier Andrés Flores Aguirre, “La Responsabilidad Penal Internacional del Individuo y su Complementariedad con la Corte Penal Internacional: Perspectivas desde el Sistema Interamericano de Protección de los Derechos Humanos”, American University International Law Review , Vol.20, 2004.
XXXVII. Zdenek Novy, "Evolutionary Interpretation of International Treaties", Czech Yearbook of International Law, Vol. VIII, 2017.
ثالثاً: الأحكام والاراء الاستشارية القضائية
XXXVIII. Inter-American Court of Human Rights , The Right to Information on Consular Assistance in the Framework of the Guarantees of the Due Process of Law, Advisory Opinion oc-16/99 , requested by the United Mexican States.
XXXIX. Inter-American Court of Human Rights Case of Bulacio v. Argentina Judgment of September 18, 2003 (Merits, Reparations and Costs).
XL. Inter-American Court of Human Rights, Case of the “Mapiripán Massacre” v. Colombia, Merits, Reparations, and Costs, Judgment of September 15, 2005.
XLI. Inter-American Court of Human Rights, The Effect of Reservations on the Entry into Force of the American Convention on Human Rights (Arts. 74 and 75), Advisory Opinion OC-2/82, Series A, No. 2, September 24, 1982.
XLII. Inter-American Court of Human Rights, The Word ‘ Laws ’ in Article 30 of the American Convention on Human Rights , Advisory Opinion OC-6/86, , Series A, No. 6 (1986).
XLIII. International Arbitral Awards , Island of Palmas case (Netherland, USA), Award of 4 April 1928, Vol.2.
XLIV. International Arbitral Awards,The Iron Rhine (‘Ijzeren Rhin’) Railway Arbitration , between the Kingdom of Belgium and the Kingdom of the Netherlands (Belgium v Netherlands) decision of 24 May 2005, VOLUME XXVII .
XLV. International Court of Justice , Aegean Sea Continental Shelf (Greece v. Turkey), Judgment (19 Dec. 1978), ICJ Reports 1978.
XLVI. International Court of Justice, Dispute regarding Navigational and Related Rights (Costa Rica v. Nicaragua), Judgment, I.C.J. Reports 2009.
XLVII. International Court of Justice, Kasikili/Sedudu Island (Botswana/Namibia), Judgment, ICJ Reports 1999, p. 1045.
XLVIII. International Court of Justice, Legal Consequences for States of the Continued Presence of South Africa in Namibia (South West Africa) notwithstanding Security Council Resolution 276 (1970). Aviliable at : https://www.icj-cij.org/files/case-related/53/053-19710621-ADV-01-00-EN.pdf
XLIX. International Court of Justice, Pulp Mills on the River Uruguay (Argentina v. Uruguay), Judgment (20 April 2010), ICJ Reports 2010.
L. International Court of Justice, Rights of Nationals of the United States of America in Morocco, Judgment (27 Aug. 1952), ICJ Reports 1952, p. 176, at pp. 188-189.
LI. The European Court of Human Rights CASE OF MARCKX v. BELGIUM, (Application no. 6833/74) JUDGMENT,13 June 1979.
LII. The European Court of Human Rights, CASE OF LOIZIDOU v. TURKEY, Preliminary Objections, Application no. 15318/89, Judgment 23 March 1995.
LIII. The European Court of Human Rights, CASE OF MATTHEWS v. THE UNITED KINGDOM, Application no. 24833/94 , Chamber, Judgment 18 February 1999
LIV. The European Court of Human Rights, CASE OF ENGEL AND OTHERS v. THE NETHERLANDS, Plenary, Application no. 5100/71; 5101/71; 5102/71; 5354/72; 5370/72, Judgment, 8 June 1976.
LV. The European Court of Human Rights, CASE OF GOLDER v. THE UNITED KINGDOM, Application no. 4451/70 , Judgment21 February 1975 .
LVI. The European Court of Human Rights, CASE OF TYRER v. THE UNITED KINGDOM, Application no. 5856/72, Chamber, Judgment 25 April 1978 .
LVII. The European Court of Human Rights, CASE OF X AND Y v. THE NETHERLANDS, Application no. 8978/80 , Judgment 26 March 1985.
رابعاً :النصوص القانونية :
I. أتفاقية فينا لقانون المعاهدات لسنة 1969.
II. ميثاق الأمم المتحدة لسنة 1945.
III. النظام الأساسي للمحكمة الدائمة للعدل الدولي
IV. ميثاق عصبة الأمم لسنة 1919.
V. معاهدة الحدود المبرمة بين نيكاراغوا وكوستاريكا في عام 1858
VI. النظام الأساسي لنهر أوروغواي الموقع بين الأوروغواي والأرجنتين في سالتو في 26 فبراير 1975 .
VII. الاتفاقية الأوروبية لحماية حقوق الإنسان والحريات الأساسية لسنة 1950 .
VIII. الاتفاقية الأمريكية لحقوق الإنسان لسنة 1969.
خامساً : التقارير
I. International Law Commission , Conclusions of the work of the Study Group on the Fragmentation of International Law: Difficulties arising from the Diversification and Expansion of International Law , Fifty-eighth session, 2006, Yearbook of the International Law Commission, Vol. II, part 2, Available at : https://legal.un.org/ilc/texts/instruments/english/draft_articles/1_9_2006.pdf
II. International Law Commission, Fragmentation of International Law: difficulties arising from the diversification and expansion of international law, fifty-eighth session, geneva, 1 may-9 june and 3 july-11 august 2006, report of the study group of the international law commission finalized by martti koskenniemi,. (تقرير koskenniemi( . Available at : https://legal.un.org/ilc/documentation/english/a_cn4_l682.pdf
III. Opinion of Judge A. A. Cançado Trindade, Inter-American Court of Human Rights, in Case of the Pueblo Bello Massacre v. Colombia Judgment of January 31, 2006 (Merits, Reparations and Costs).
IV. تقرير لجنة القانون الدولي ، الدورة السبعون ، للقترة من 30 نيسان إلى ا حزيران في نيويورك و من 2 تموز إلى 10 أب في جنيف، 2018 ، A/73/10 .
التنزيلات
منشور
07-10-2020
إصدار
القسم
المقالات
الرخصة
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:حقوق الطبع والنشر والترخيص
بالنسبة لجميع البحوث المنشورة في مجلة العلوم القانونية، يحتفظ الباحثون بحقوق النشر. يتم ترخيص البحوث بموجب ترخيص Creative Commons CC BY 4.0 المفتوح ، مما يعني أنه يجوز لأي شخص تنزيل البحث وقراءته مجانًا. بالإضافة إلى ذلك ، يجوز إعادة استخدام البحث واقتباسه شريطة أن يتم الاستشهاد المصدر المنشور الأصلي. تتيح هذه الشروط الاستخدام الأقصى لعمل الباحث وعرضه.:إعادة إنتاج البحوث المنشورة من الناشرين الآخرين
من الضروري للغاية أن يحصل الباحثون على إذن لإعادة إنتاج أي بحث منشورة (أشكال أو مخططات أو جداول أو أي مقتطفات من نص) لا يدخل في نطاق الملكية العامة أو لا يملكون حقوق نشرها. يجب أن يطلب الباحثون إذنًا من مؤلف حقوق النشر (عادة ما يكون الناشر).يطلب الإذن في الحالات التالية:
بحوثك الخاصة المنشورة من قِبل ناشرين آخرين ولم تحتفظ بحقوق النشر الخاصة بها.
مقتطفات كبيرة من بحوث أي شخص أو سلسلة من البحوث المنشورة.
استخدم الجداول والرسوم البيانية والمخططات والمخططات والأعمال الفنية إذا لم يتم التعديل عليها.
الصور الفوتوغرافية التي لا تملك حقوق لنشرها.لا يطلب الإذن في الحالات التالية:
إعادة بناء الجدول الخاص بك مع البيانات المنشورة بالفعل في مكان آخر. يرجى ملاحظة أنه في هذه الحالة يجب عليك ذكر مصدر البيانات في شكل "بيانات من ..." أو "مقتبس من ...".
تعتبر عروض الأسعار القصيرة معقولة الاستخدام العادل ، وبالتالي لا تتطلب إذنًا.
الرسوم البيانية، الرسوم البيانية، المخططات، الأعمال الفنية التي أعاد الباحث رسمها بالكامل والتي تم تغييرها بشكل ملحوظ إلى درجة لا تتطلب الاعتراف.
الحصول على إذن
لتجنب التأخير غير الضروري في عملية النشر ، يجب أن تبدأ في الحصول على أذونات في أقرب وقت ممكن. لا يمكن لمجلة العلوم القانونية نشر بحث مقتبس من منشورات أخرى دون إذن.قد يمنحك مالك حقوق الطبع والنشر تعليمات بشأن شكل الإقرار الواجب اتباعه لتوثيق عمله ؛ بخلاف ذلك ، اتبع النمط: "مستنسخ بإذن من [المؤلف] ، [كتاب / المجلة] ؛ نشره [الناشر] ، [السنة]." في نهاية شرح الجدول ، الشكل أو المخطط.
كيفية الاقتباس
الحياني فتحي محمد. 2020. "التفسير التطوري للمعاهدات الدولية". مجلة العلوم القانونية 35 (1): 379-428. https://doi.org/10.35246/jols.v35i1.300.
