The Effectiveness of University Administration in Iraq and Its Role in Promoting Institutional Reform
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.35246/k6gqv082Keywords:
Administrative organization, Public and private universities, Ministry of Higher Education, Universities Regulatory Council, Research centersAbstract
Universities derive their administrative structures and powers from Ministry Law No. (40) of 1988 and University Service Law No. (23) of 2008. The powers and administrative structures of universities and colleges are centralized, as defined by the Ministry Law and related regulations and instructions. These can only be altered by amendment from Parliament or by regulations or instructions from the Ministry. Universities and colleges cannot develop themselves except through new legislation, which may take years to enact or grant them the necessary powers.
There are several obstacles that contribute to hindering the development of the administrative organization of universities and colleges in Iraq. Some of them are legislative, related to state policy, some are technical, related to the need to develop leadership and staff, and some are administrative and financial. As for the proposed solutions, it is necessary to address the legislation related to higher education, most importantly the Ministry of Higher Education Law of 1988, so that universities and colleges can develop themselves, expand, and decentralize their powers and work in a way that serves their administrative organization. The executive authorities must adhere to the legislation for establishing university institutions (universities, colleges, etc.), so that the establishment occurs after the completion of the requirements of infrastructure and funds. A high governmental committee should be formed, consisting of (higher education, planning, and finance), to inspect all universities, especially their administrative, financial, teaching, and infrastructure structures, and consequently hold accountable senior university leaders who are negligent in their work. In order to achieve administrative integration in universities, each university should be obligated to establish a center for strategic or international studies and research after fulfilling its requirements, or advanced scientific and administrative centers that help the university reach regional and global levels on the one hand, and help the university obtain a good financial resource through innovations and patents. Finally, it is necessary to establish a council concerned with universities called the (Council for Regulating Iraqi Universities), which consists of all official government universities in addition to a representative of private universities. Its goal is to develop practical and implementable plans for developing universities administratively, academically and financially, in addition to providing consultations to the government before issuing decisions to establish new universities or colleges in order to maintain the quality of higher education in Iraq and the ability to compete with regional and global universities.
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References
First: Books
i. Al-Dujaili, Hassan. Higher Education in Iraq: A Document-Based Study. Baghdad: Al-Irshad Press, 1963.
ii. Al-Sinyafi, Ali Ismail Obaid. Higher Education in Iraq: Establishment and Development. Dhi Qar University, 2012.
iii. Ibn Manzur, Lisan al-Arab, Dar al-Maaref, 2016.
iv. Radhi, Mazen Lilo. Administrative Law. 5th ed. Baghdad: Dar Al-Masala for Printing, Publishing, and Distribution, 2019.
v. Shanock, Michael. Successful University Administration. 1st Arabic ed. Cairo: Dar Al-Farouq for Publishing and Distribution, 2008.
vi. Al Hashimi, Hamied G.M, Higher Education in Iraq: Critical Approaches and Foresight. Baghdad: Al-Bayan Center for Studies and Planning, 2020.
Second: Theses and Dissertations
i. Awda, Alaa Khaled. Obstacles to Implementing Strategic Planning in Public Universities in Baghdad from the Perspective of Faculty Members. Master’s thesis, Middle East University, College of Educational Sciences, Jordan, 2017.
Third: Research
i. Omar and Siham Ahmed, Administrative Organization and its Impact on Performance, Omdurman Islamic University, Sudan, 2001.
ii. Riyad Badri, and Mai Faisal Ahmed. “The Reality of Decentralized Administration in Iraqi Universities.” Journal of Educational and Psychological Sciences, 2015.
iii. Hussein Mohammed Al-Fayez et al., Public Administration: Concepts and Functions, Dar Al-Masirah, 2018.
iv. Nghamish, Fahd bin Ahmed. “developing the performance of academic leaders in Saudi universities of administrative empowerment.” Educational Journal of the College of Education, Sohag, 2022.
v. Sahar Abdel Hafeez Moussa, Definition of Administrative Organization and its Importance in Institutions, Arab Journal of Scientific Publishing (AJSP), Fifth Issue, Issue (50), 2022.
Fourth: Laws and Legislation:
i. Higher Education Council System No. (16) of 1951.
ii. Baghdad University Law No. (60) of 1956 (repealed).
iii. Baghdad University Law No. (28) of 1958.
iv. Baghdad University Law No. (51) of 1963.
v. Basra University Law No. (8) of 1967.
vi. Mosul University Law No. (14) of 1967.
vii. Supreme Council of Universities Law No. (2) of 1967.
viii. Baghdad University Law No. (54) of 1968.
ix. Al-Mustansiriya University Law No. (167) of 1968.
x. Supreme Council of Universities Law No. (73) of 1968.
xi. Ministry of Higher Education and Scientific Research Law No. (132) of 1970.
xii. Ministry of Higher Education and Scientific Research System No. (36) of 1970.
xiii. Technical Institutes Corporation Law No. (34) of 1976.
xiv. Ministry of Higher Education and Scientific Research Law No. (55) of 1983.
xv. Ministry of Higher Education and Scientific Research Law No. (40) of 1988.
xvi. University Service Law No. (23) of 2008.
xvii. Private Higher Education Law No. (25) of 2016.
xviii. Cabinet Resolution No. (340) of 2016.
xix. Scholarship, Fellowship, and Financial Aid System No. (3) of 2018.
xx. Law No. (20) of 2020 on the Foundations of Equivalence of Arab and Foreign Academic Certificates and Degrees.
i. Private Public University Education Law No. (22) of 2024.
Websites
i. Elaph website https://elaph.com/.
ii. Website of the College of Law - University of Baghdad, Establishment of the College of Law, https://colaw.uobaghdad.edu.iq/PageViewer.aspx?id=1#more_less
iii. Website of Al-Mustansiriya University https://uomustansiriyah.edu.iq/web_page.php?page_id=1300&id_dept=221
iv. Website of the Supreme Council of Egyptian Universities https://scu.eg/#:~:text
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