المخاطر الناتجة عن تلوث الفضاء الخارجي بالحطام الفضائي

Books

I. Abu Jamal, A. M. (1998). Protection of the Marine Environment from Pollution. Mansha’at Al-Ma’arif.

II. Afkirin, M. A. H. (1999). The General Theory of International Responsibility for Harmful Consequences of Acts Not Prohibited by International Law. Dar Al-Nahda Al-Arabiya.

III. Al-Shafei, H. O. A. (2013). Introduction to Outer Space Law. Dar Al-Hikma for Printing and Publishing.

IV. Ben Hamouda, L. (2009). International Responsibility in Space Law. Dar Houma.

V. Khalifa, A. K. A. (2011). Public International Law. Dar Al-Jami’a Al-Jadeeda.

VI. Neufeld, M. J. (2021). Spaceflight: A Brief History (H. A. Ghanem, Trans.). Hindawi Foundation.

VII. Sabrine, G. (2009). A Concise Guide to the Principles of Public International Law (3rd ed.). Dar Al-Thaqafa.

VIII. Shehata, I. F. (1966). International Air Law and Space Law. Dar Al-Nahda Al-Arabiya.

IX. Yusuf, M. S. (2002). The Principle of Precaution Against Environmental Damage: A Study within the Framework of International Environmental Law. Dar Al-Nahda Al-Arabiya.

X. Zanaty, E. M. (2024). International Law of Outer Space (2nd ed.). Dar Al-Nahda Al-Arabiya.

Theses and Dissertations

XI. Abbas, Y. S. (2014). International Responsibility for Damage Caused by Spacecraft (Unpublished master’s thesis). Middle East University.

XII. Al-Juhani, R. A. M. (2024). International Responsibility for Launching Space Objects (Unpublished master’s thesis). King Abdulaziz University.

XIII. Lazhar, N. (2014). The Use of Outer Space and Its Implications (Unpublished master’s thesis). Mentouri Brothers University Constantine.

Journal Articles

XIV. Al-Dhahouri, A. H., & Allam, W. A. (n.d.). International responsibility for violating the obligation to prevent pollution of the outer space environment: A study within the framework of international environmental law. University of Sharjah Journal of Legal Sciences, 21(1).

XV. Al-Jabri, N. A., & Munjed, M. M. (n.d.). International criminal liability for damages caused by space debris: An analytical study in light of the UAE Space Sector Regulation Law. University of Sharjah Journal of Legal Sciences, 21(2).

XVI. Al-Hajj, M. (2014). Prohibition of emerging pollutants affecting outer space in international treaties. Journal of Scientific Research in Environmental Legislation.

XVII. Al-Najjar, S. A. M. (2022). International space law obligations and the possibility of compliance with them. Journal of Islamic and Arabic Studies in Damanhour, 7(1).

XVIII. Boukhari, F. (2023). The legal status of the space debris problem in international law. Journal of Legal and Social Sciences, 8(3).

XIX. Khalifa, A. K. A. (2023). The principle of freedom of outer space. Journal of Jurisprudential and Legal Studies, (14).

XX. Maamar Omar, K. (2018). Establishing the rules of international law based on the idea of analogy: A study in international spaces, outer space, and the high seas. Journal of Law and Political Science, (9).

XXI. Meroud, K. S. (2020). Environmental risks associated with launching satellites. Journal of Legal and Political Sciences, 11(3).

XXII. Shanouf, B. (2018). Legal controls for launching satellites into outer space according to space agreements. Journal of Legal and Political Sciences, (17).

XXIII. Abdul Hammadi, M. T., & Majeed, B. A. H. (2022). Securing the investor’s liability from the risks of his space activity: A comparative study. Journal of the Kufa Studies Center, 66(1).

Treaties and Legislation

XXIV. Convention on International Liability for Damage Caused by Space Objects. (1972).

XXV. Convention on the Registration of Objects Launched into Outer Space. (1976).

XXVI. Agreement Governing the Activities of States on the Moon and Other Celestial Bodies.

XXVII. French Ministerial Decree on the Technical Organization of Space Operations. (2011).

XXVIII. Treaty on Principles Governing the Activities of States in the Exploration and Use of Outer Space. (1967).

XXIX. UAE Federal Law No. (46) concerning the Regulation of the Space Sector. (2023).

XXX. Agreement on the Rescue of Astronauts and the Return of Astronauts and Objects Launched into Outer Space.

International Documents and Reports

XXXI. Committee on the Peaceful Uses of Outer Space. (n.d.). Space debris mitigation guidelines.

XXXII. United Nations General Assembly. (1961). Resolution No. 1721.

XXXIII. United Nations General Assembly. (2004). Resolution No. 59/115.

XXXIV. United Nations General Assembly. (2007). Resolution No. 62/217.

XXXV. United Nations General Assembly. (2013). Resolution No. 68/74.

XXXVI. United Nations General Assembly. (2018). Resolution No. 73/6.

English References

XXXVII. Broad, W. J. (2007, February 6). Orbiting junk, once a nuisance, is now a threat. The New York Times.

XXXVIII. NASA Office of Inspector General. (2021). NASA’s efforts to mitigate the risks posed by orbital debris (Report No. IG-21-011).

XXXIX. Seneechal, T. (2007). Orbital drafting: Drafting, negotiating, implementing a convention. Massachusetts Institute of Technology.

XL. Taylor, M. W. (2006). Orbital debris: Technical legal issues and solutions. McGill University Faculty of Law.

XLI. United Nations Office for Outer Space Affairs. (1999). Environment effects of space flight. United Nations.