The Effect of Precursor Chemical Abuse on Criminal Responsibility
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.35246/fyat2828Keywords:
Precursors, Chemical, Effect, Abuse, Criminal ResponsibilityAbstract
This research explores the impact of consuming chemical precursors on criminal liability. It begins by examining the nature of the crime of using chemical precursors, starting with the linguistic definition of precursors, followed by the legal and technical meaning of chemical precursors. The study then analyzes the elements constituting the crime of consuming chemical precursors and the resulting effects on criminal responsibility.
The findings indicate that the impact of this crime on criminal liability varies in two main scenarios: voluntary consumption and forced or involuntary consumption. In the case of voluntary drug consumption, the legal approach distinguishes between two situations: intoxication with an expectation of committing a crime, and deliberate intoxication with the intention of committing a crime. As for forced or involuntary consumption, this is the only scenario in which Iraqi legislation considers it a ground for exemption from liability. This exemption applies only if the drug use results from an unforeseen event or force majeure. However, if the substance was taken voluntarily and a crime was committed under its influence, the offender is not entitled to an exemption from punishment.
Downloads
Downloads
Published
Issue
Section
License
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
Copyright and Licensing:
For all articles published in Journal of Legal Sciences, copyright is retained by the authors. Articles are licensed under an open access Creative Commons CC BY 4.0 license, meaning that anyone may download and read the paper for free. In addition, the article may be reused and quoted provided that the original published version is cited. These conditions allow for maximum use and exposure of the work.
Reproducing Published Material from other Publishers: It is absolutely essential that authors obtain permission to reproduce any published material (figures, schemes, tables or any extract of a text) which does not fall into the public domain, or for which they do not hold the copyright. Permission should be requested by the authors from the copyrightholder (usually the Publisher, please refer to the imprint of the individual publications to identify the copyrightholder).
Permission is required for: Your own works published by other Publishers and for which you did not retain copyright.
Substantial extracts from anyones' works or a series of works.
Use of Tables, Graphs, Charts, Schemes and Artworks if they are unaltered or slightly modified.
Photographs for which you do not hold copyright.
Permission is not required for: Reconstruction of your own table with data already published elsewhere. Please notice that in this case you must cite the source of the data in the form of either "Data from..." or "Adapted from...".
Reasonably short quotes are considered fair use and therefore do not require permission.
Graphs, Charts, Schemes and Artworks that are completely redrawn by the authors and significantly changed beyond recognition do not require permission.
Obtaining Permission
In order to avoid unnecessary delays in the publication process, you should start obtaining permissions as early as possible. If in any doubt about the copyright, apply for permission. Journal of Legal Sciences cannot publish material from other publications without permission.
The copyright holder may give you instructions on the form of acknowledgement to be followed; otherwise follow the style: "Reproduced with permission from [author], [book/journal title]; published by [publisher], [year].' at the end of the caption of the Table, Figure or Scheme.
